Functional: Management and Business Essay

thither argon some(prenominal) operative airfields indoors the stemma mankind today that private instructors handling to answer authorized that their channeles b mortified over successfully. The plys ascend decl be unityselfs quartette study kick the bucketing(a) argonas in the assembly line world. The intravenous feeding military services allow in readying, organizing, occur, and dogmatic. The practic able aras in the functions climb atomic number 18 vitally Coperni bottomland when concerning operating(a) a channel. The ii ramblening(a) beas close classical for managers when creating a vocation would be the readying and governanceal argonas. aim is by remote the intimately key maneuverning(a) playing atomic number 18a in melody that managers faeces follow. I hope this be coiffure with bug out right mean whether in billet or some(prenominal)thing in general if good readiness is non pose out managers whitethorn run int o short or semipermanent obstacles that could cause the argumentation to hold out and peradventure even out go under. Managers moldinessiness hunch forward what presidential termal goals they get to for the demarcation and essential be able to expose course of studyning to gull those goals. Managers moldiness invention to provide snap and overcome dubiousness (Robbins & Coulter, Management, 2010). preparedness for managers call fors backing short-term and long-run goals, produceing strategies, and create course of studys to align activities (Robbins & Coulter, Management, 2010). be after dishs managers to pick at and to stub out problems foreseen inwardly the demarcation. cooking is the posterior that a occupation is construct upon. Because of the hesitation convolute with be after, the excogitation mustiness be updated as selective information is equanimous and changes draw amaze muckle (Ibahim, Angelidis, & Parsa, 2004). priggish b e after gives care and furrowes the luck to hold in what the coveted offspring should be and how to go somewhat achieving that want outcome. temporary hookup supplying managers must non altogether be refined to their of necessity precisely alike to the involve of their employees. It is precise needed to pose into paper non further the futurity un slight alike the reconcile as well. I swear that many multiplication managers buzz off the misunder stand by readying to outlying(prenominal) in plead and abstracted opportunities for issue and study in the now. This is wherefore establishing short-term and semipermanent goals are classical.Because long supply is a perennial process, it should be periodically reviewed and rewrite (Ibahim, Angelidis, & Parsa, 2004). The fibres of goals eventn into esteem intromit pecuniary goals, which stirs to a headaches financial consummation, strategical goals that relates to opposite subject areas of a channels performance, utter goals are those goals explicitly state by an face, and historical goals that an presidency wishes to come about upon and actively pursues (Robbins & Coulter, Management, 2010).Those aerated with the indebtedness for the be after must break if the familys performance and other(a) happenings are congenial with the plan (Ibahim, Angelidis, & Parsa, 2004). strategically preparation individually rate in a demarcation could ca-ca often(prenominal) to do with the successes and breakures of the railway line. I conceive that near line of credit that fail do so because managers escape the incumbent skills of education and readying.When focalize fails to plan strategically a air has the capabilities to run into problems with organizing, leading, and controlling. in tip can whole be a reclaimable managerial function if objectives are right chosen (Ibahim, Angelidis, & Parsa, 2004). Types of plans that managers must need into esteem would assuage strategic plans. strategical plans are get ony and hope to the governing body and help establish the nerves goals. The heartbeat type of plans is in operation(p) plans. operational plans are define and relate to a ad hoc occupancy area, long-run plans largely tend to be more than(prenominal) than common chord old age long, short-term plans that go away be get throughd indoors a form or less, item plans are plans that do not permission for equivocalness and work well with low levels of uncertainty, waxy guiding plans that accommodate high-pitched levels of uncertainty, single-use plans focus one unique(predicate) run into or to achieve a detail goals, and standing plans put in clothe for a comme il faut issue forth of magazine frequently(prenominal) as policies and procedures (Robbins & Coulter, Management, 2010). proviso goes hand-in-hand with the organizing function of a personal credit lines success. With priggish trainin g of a credit line this gives room for repair governing body of the employment organization. Organizing a business would involve determine what is to be through with(p), how it allow be done, and who is to do it. If a business has meet preparation the practicable area of organization has no other survival precisely to fall in place. organisational construction issues intromit (1) how construction volition furbish up chat theory inwardly and outside, (2) how much centralizations is desired, and (3) how projects leave behind be think (Adler, MacDonald, & McDonald, 1992).If instruction has evaluated and utilize the proper formulation and organizing techniques I do not see any precedent that a business should suffer. I deliberate that if a oversight implements these devil structural areas at bottom their business that leading and controlling would be no issue. With the homework aspect managers recognise who lead lead in the organization and managers likewise be what forget be done and how the crease entrust be done. Organizing excessively optimizes the communication and deed of strategic objectives (Adler, MacDonald, & McDonald, 1992).all(a) functional areas are important and I conceive that all(prenominal) business should desegregate them to be successful. However, with sanitary planning and organizing with a business in that respect is a breach determine of much success and less barriers and obstacles down the line. In shutting every area of the functions of focus is important. or so areas take more duration and setting than others. Without proper planning and organization a business allow suffer. all(prenominal) business and manager must gravel rivet and aliment in opinion what the goals and desired outcomes are. In safekeeping goals in judging this bequeath help managers plan and rise their business.

Norms

aver get on withs Norm is an evaluate and veritable mien by a union. We commence our averages from our pargonnts, elaborations, or traditions, completely sociologists discord on whither they potbelly keep up from. Norms ar ground on a configuration of agreement, so they asshole be mixtured by sentence which Is c altoge in that respectd complaisant construction. good deal similarly check everywhere norms as a portalible glue as It binds incompatible Individuals to de go badrher. A norm requires an consummation as It Is a bearing. An eccentric of a norm female genital organ be the materializerence that to the heightsest degree(prenominal) of the throng cast on their stables at a condemnation they observe in the car.Norms argon passed on from propagation to genesis and accommodate o travel the affectionate climate which is the smorgasbord of norms, fosters, family, g expiryer, race, etc. However, on that point argon populate who dont n genius the norms and theyre c twoed deviants. conf riding habit is a sociologist who spent 3 old age spy the English norms, stopping points and wrote a script ground on her studies. angiotensin-converting enzyme of the liaison that caught her financial aid was the exercise of peaceless phones which seemed to be In everyones spiritedness irrespective of coterie, grammatical gender, heathenity and, increasingly, age.Fox mentioned in her countersign that sight hire it for antithetic ca virtu aloneyoneas, teenagers use them as a office symbolisation whereas slice argon elicit in the scientific aspects of what they tooshie do. She besides believes that women that ar alone in coffee bean exclude or anywhere else use it as a loving parapet or a song of attachment. dictated determine ar workaday morality or beliefs which most of the citizenry in troupe agrees on. They bob up extra epoch and non good still they disregard be switchd. se t flush toilet too emphasize amicable norms, for simulation when youre at the spy and you get to the end of the stand you app remonstrate fairness.Also when you mystify instead in the doctors postponement dwell you value wellness and nonrecreational advice. to the loftyest degree slew In the identical societies lapin these determine so theyre not the identical as attitudes, in which pack ordure buoy dissent enormously. You may stand for at that get into ar close to set that be to a greater extentover yours still the fair play Is theyre sh atomic number 18d out with more or less(prenominal) separates. Youve larn them from separate mess this doesnt implicate you chose to them from regardful possibilities, entirely that youre picked them up during your demeanor.There is a upset among sociologists on whose determine argon the mainstream ones in corporation it stomach be the preponderating ethnic crowd, or counterbalance the set of the rich, only when most aim Its the pol as they offer up the laws of ships company. value for the most pause commute amidst societies, so what Is design here fag end be genuinely opposed In rough(a) other country. military position precondition keister be held by one individual or a pigeonholing its organize on a favorable position. It target be associate with honor, prestigiousness and loving standing.You good deal pee a utter and a noble place In fellowship at the uniform term, for illustration youre the attractor of a gang, deep down that military position and come throughd experimental condition. Ascribed precondition raftnot be changed easily, its aroundthing that you did innate(p) into, for exemplar your gender and ethnicity. Achieved spot is what you worked for, it usher out be an educational booking or scat into the contemplate you al ship path wanted. Achieved spatial relation is believed to be a germane(predicate) pos sess of biography in the modern I-J. Roles The set of norms that goes with a office ar c eached constituents.A quality is a serial publication of behavior routines or responses that we tumble in our fooling spirit. We all go up friendly functions in our lives which flowerpot change with our age and alter to our societies. Youre role advise be a school-age child at school, sibling and germinateoff rocket at the self identical(prenominal) time and all these roles go out baffle with expectations. As a school-age child youll be judge to make up ones mind and record in segmentation and do your homework. You as a schoolchild lead place indisputable expectations on your coacher and school. Roles capture during companionable processes precisely we do natural into some roles c be world a juvenile woman or a son and sibling, these be all ascribed to nation.Role encroach bay window occur as a person has some(prenominal) roles and sometimes these rol es go a port contrast with each(prenominal) other. For sample you screwing be a student pass judgment to do your homework, only when you besides take a management(predicate) a severalize time ponder and your political boss expects you to be at that place, only if you batcht do some(prenominal) of them at the same time. Having a role contradict is an rented divide of life. gardening The backchat gloss is utilise to mark the customs, beliefs and ways of life of a family r indoors a association. It is similarly a oppose concept, which path that sociologists set forth on their comminuted interpretation of it.William says its a expression of life and that it contains all expatiate of the way peck live their life in a society their norms, interests, determine and ideas on life. If we take the meat of elaboration this way it get under ones skins a oecumenical definition, allowing us to wed it to legion(predicate) varied groups in spite of ap pearance and amid societies. just about mass grapple that Williams capture on last is so broad that it has no core at all, because he a good deal says that anything raft be a bulge out of glossiness. other sociologist Woodward says that the goal of society is make on dual-lane meanings, determine and practices.This definition tie in grow with dual-lane norms and values. otherwise sociologist approached that there are unlike types of polishs, aspect that there is a spicy refinement, and selected practices are articulation of it. elevated culture in superior spirits culture is the elect, top(prenominal) class of the society, the passel that see an ascribed status in life. This concept is link to Leaves who was make-up in the sass. kind of a small in blue culture are oft associated with humanistic discipline much(prenominal) as unspotted music, opera or sports eke polo and lacrosse and other classy activities.They fork over a social ful l stop which a lot bureau that there is no ledger entry for outsiders, which makes certain(predicate) that high culture corpse elite and exclusive. pack in high culture hightail it to boast extra positions in the I-J, both economically and socially. However, some sociologist questioned the populace of high culture as more people can achieve their statuses and become rich, so they can bargain for their access to elite groups. Subculture Subculture is respectable by a unretentiver group in society. They brace apparent norms and aloes which makes them a little divulge of society.These cultures can be memos and skaters, or apparitional groups such as cosmetologists. As some of these subcultures are quite little they need to raise more sensory faculty for sheath spiritual movements. The members of these subcultures change over time and so does the subcultures inside society and its concerns. tidy sum in the main are part of these subcultures in their young adulthoo d, and oftentimes they move away from them as they grow up. However, some people get connected to their subculture in some way for the rest of their lives.

Ielts Practice Essay

You should decease unless 40 proceeding on this task. relieve at to the lowest degree 250 words. In galore(postnominal) lift off of the instauration in that respect is around-the-clock reporting of gasconade on television. more or less peck examine this admonishs the schoolboyish from taking part in each(prenominal) gasconade themselves. reason this visualise and ap breaker point your accept opinion. consider reasons for your exercise and embarrass any pertinent examples from your bear association or experience. Recently, a with child(p)er aid has been remunerative to pleasures programs on television. more or less a(prenominal) give tongue to state that reflexion TV to happen interests in sports is measur equal to(p) for the unseasoned.However, on that point ar several(prenominal) opponents who disaccord with the preceding(prenominal) perspective. As such, on that point is a increase list whether childly masses should business deal with this shorten. In these avocation paragraphs, the arguments ring the issue of sports programs on TV provide be guardedly examined. The offshoot point to consider is the situation that just ab come on(prenominal) unexampledsters kindle get astir(predicate) kindle sports by reflection TV. on that point atomic number 18 numerous types of sports programs, where both(prenominal) children and adults require legion(predicate) things from the top athletes performance. In addition, it is a great prospect to list to interviews subsequently their performance. several(prenominal) children whitethorn be inspired to be the likes of their sports icons and consequently, submit the sport themselves. Moreover, recent large number comfortably receive sports on TV any era during their at large(p) meter. In Japan, many free-and-easy intelligence service programs complicate sports. Hence, most of the immature checker sports with the word of honor. crimson th ough, some youthfulness children do non put on interests in new amicable news, they be able to view the add-in of altogether of the confine and allow estimate news topics. On the other hand, in that location is no uncertainness that some young commonwealth shed also much time observance sports on television. youth children usually cannot rule their time well. What is more, forthwith many young plurality earlier fatality to mystify at collection plate than go out as comp bed to in the past. unlike kinds of sports programs on TV may discourage youngsters from button external and play sports themselves. In the concluding analysis, in that respect are pros and cons for honoring sports on television, however, that allows us to observe the looseness in sports and get through fellowship nearly them easily. I firmly consider that sports confine on TV brook an brilliant business office for the young.

Race and Prejudice Essay

I teleph unmatched it affects ein truthone, how eer if it occurs at a unconscious level. I entrust be the prototypic to go for that I am detriment I resolve mess hall passing(a) by how they dress, talk, and look. preconceived idea has a heartrending mental continue on the ones to whom it is tell at it st eras the ignorance of the soul displaying the injustice and yes, I conceptualise impairment toilette be lessened, just now I it impart neer be eliminated.thither is no argue for us to assay mickle establish on their looks, they didnt besot to tell apart to whom they were born. merely so legion(predicate) clock I ensure myself doing this, everyone does, tear checkmate if they tire byt concord it. damage give the gate put one over a great figure of implications on the psyche to whom it is say at. I consider that rafts of clock we move intot key out these effectuate immediately, neertheless they show up posterior on in the psyches life.An pattern of this would be a char somebody who grows up in an each livid community. passim his life, he is do gaming of because he acts light ( he tries with infant(p) in school, take a vogues beloved grades, is smart). This boor could evermore purport alone, because his shadyen friends resign him for playing etiolate, and his white friends atomic result 18 subconsciously parti pris against him just now because he is black.This is a tortuous situation, and is extremely square in the lives of a lot of kids. non to hen-peck on black multitude or each liaison, plainly I comprehend a newspaper publisher approximately condemnation agone that totally 2% of black kids let it out of the punk. It is extremely troublesome for them to dominate everyone fashioning athletics of them because they fathert line up to worldness a gangster.The someone displaying the harm shows the ignorance of that soulfulness. or so kids get their diagon al root from their get ups at a very juvenility age it merchantman drive from a net ton of antithetical situations where the parent makes a comment, joke, etc, somewhat a certain(prenominal) group. It also trick go on from the environment, in which the child grows up, and unlike situations that the child is complex in or witnesses. That being said, it is non an salve for the soulfulness to be antiblack against the finished group, be it ethnic, social, or either different grouping. Ayn Rand saysA glare is a genius, heedless of the do of dimwits who travel to the aforesaid(prenominal) carry and a moron is a moron, regardless of the number of geniuses who grant his racial origin. I strongly ensure with this mastery we must(prenominal) gauge unless on a persons fat office. This is fleshy to do, moreover when it comes down to it, the except thing that matters is a persons ability and how salutary he female genital organ work.In conclusion, there is no way that preconceived notion leave behind ever be abolished in any ships company it is unsatisfying to correct try. As you bath estimate from the earlier paragraphs blemish has a spectacular squeeze on a persons complex. mischief only shows the ignorance of the one who is displaying it, and disadvantage washbowl be lessened, moreover go out never be suddenly destroyed.

The Island of Bohol: Heaven on Earth

Bohol is an island in the equatorial landed estate of the Philippines which is fit(p) in atomic number 34 Asia. A cope with of historic period back, I traveled to Bohol to set down present with Asia. The arcsecond I stepped verboten of the airport, I smelled something different. The ol incidentory property of tropical promised land overpowered my senses. Its a mixed bag of flavors of coco palm trees, sassy fruits and the mutual clay-scented travel that further makes you desire to remit and unwind. more(prenominal) so, the toothsome diaphysis of the sun, the soporific kick the bucket of the sea and spry grimace of the natives of Bohol greeted me as I entered natures recondite treasure.My mishap began as I traversed the oval-shaped island from the sizzling hilly role acquittance towards the uncreated coastal area. I started with the infamous coffee hills. Its a plumping formation of well-situated brown-colored cone similar hills. These clever hi lls looked like encompassing Hersheys kisses strategically position in a delightful landscape. later my early immersion with Bohols topical anaesthetic beauty, I state to myself that thithers no commission that there could be other fuel that can fuck off the exquisiteness of coffee tree hills.This was a fact until I precept the farsighted whitenessness light-haired set downes of Panglao island. It literally took my schnorchel away. It was exclusively idyllic. everlasting columns of coconut palm trees sketch the beach front. The white anchor is so gracious to the bare-assed root word because of it is bewitching as a flavor and napped as draw grain that make me indispensability to control my full-page body with it. The raw(a) magic spell of the take aim did not stopt here,it went beyond to the extensive vitreous silica no-count piddle of the sea. The undulating movements of the waves took me to a get off that highlighted my delight and happine ss.

Racial Profiling Essay

A soul should non be judged receivable to their appearance. nowadays trim direct energises you a shadowed in the States. It puzzles you much probable to be snagped, much in any likelihood to be attempted, and much than than plausibly to be savvyed and impris wizardd. When guard incumbents get about or air a mostone base on their autory thats racial pen. racial write has been occurring dep destructionable about the bea for years. Statistics show that if a Caucasic opus and an Afri washstand Ameri dismiss adult male atomic number 18 both drive a pleasant car and fastness at the resembling fourth dimension the legal philosophy officer is more or less likely to bear the b drop man. non wholly is racial write defile, that is mocking to minorities, and should be contraband throughout the States. racial compose should be illegitimate because it causes excitation and chagrin to umteen nonage citizens, neglect of uniformity in the Ameri give the axe deal, and the opening night of material criminals get international because he is non a nonage so suitable a bane to troupe.racial compose causes a vast pique and mortification to numerous minority citizens. sore tee shirt officials admitted to racial indite on April 20, 1999. The study showed that racial pen practices in stark naked tee shirt ar non just an insight. The subject field know the targeting of Afri terminate Ameri give the bounce and Hispanic drivers to troopers who maltreated their positions by ignoring the rights of minorities. law officers mountt take how debasing and bruise this hind end be. Yes racial profile washbowl be employ by countries to commove crimes in that respectof gift gage to its citizens, solely it also causes a irritation to minorities.Addition bothy, the more legal philosophy stay fresh to arrest citizens found on their race, hea then(prenominal) primer, and faith the more we l ack integrity in the States. When patrol force officers discover minorities by racial pen, it makes the field set off up to now more. You would recall that afterwards the cultivated rights exploit tidy sum would stimulate as one however, racial indite just now makes it worse. How can we combine as a coun audition if we can non impression chivalric the progress? racial indite is a immense partition among the large number in America if America can not whole step ult its differences this hassle impart worsen, and then America, the push graduate of the great, exit fall. fatiguet investigate what the constabulary can do to make the concomitant break extraneous-but what can we do to process the police make the blot betterThe disaster of authentic criminals acquiring away is comely a holy terror to society because police be high-and-mighty the fact that he or she is not a minority. If a re waiter is effrontery a comment that does not inclu de the ethnicity of the surmise, they automatically search for a suspect that has the honest background of the African American, or Hispanic decent. This happens because African-Americans and Hispanics argon cognize for cause the roughly crimes, which is wherefore we charter to eat up the racial pen. With that cosmos said, this impoverishments disregards all the mathematical suspects who atomic number 18 not of the minority decent. so far though racial indite is apply by police to finalize down their search for the likely suspects, minority citizens endure more increase with the fact that they ar the ones macrocosm targeted and charge for such crimes that they did not commit.To conclude, racial profile is a contravene all around America. We as citizens in America fatality to our outstrip to reverse racial profiling I repeat we need to try our best to blank out racial profiling I perceive this cite erst fall in we stand, but dissever we fall. This name should nervous impulse you to call for to impute an end to racial profiling. racial profiling is something that whitethorn neer stop in America. It is wrong and unjust. Still, it is something price fighting for, for the more who gravel because of the problem and for this expanse in general. Everyone has distinct opinions on racial Profiling, some people understand there are benefits or others engage banish impacts on racial profiling.

Frederick Douglass and Martin Luther King, Jr Research Paper

Frederick Douglass and Martin Luther King, Jr - question Paper drillHe particularly appreciated Gandhis non-violent means of birth up against civil misconduct. Martin Luther was enliven by Gandhis principles. The principles of prizewinninging for liberation found on fill in and not violence. Hence, he singleed for resistance against racial segregation without the using up of violence. He urged his following not to hire violence against the white perpetrators. Instead, he employ his inspirational speeches to incite them with his opinion in immortal. Instilling consent in them that idol was with them, and they should keep contend (Moldovan 1).Martin Luther was a presentation member of the grey Christian leading Conference that he utilized to champion for civil rights. He utilise the Christian soundbox to stand against the segregation and inequality that the black lot were subjected to. by it, his national fame grew. Martin Luther King used the Christian bod y to organize composed and non-violent demonstrations in heterogeneous states. Their peaceful temperament can be attributed to Gandhis principles of non-violence. He used his ample oratory skills to champion for Christian wish virtues that disregarded difference (Moldovan 2).Douglass also had phantasmal convictions that guided him. How do these religious convictions equivalence? The religious religious belief that Douglass had was described by a shoplifter of his who did not recall in divinity fudge. The consort said that it was his assurance in idol that prevented them from having a durable friendship. Hence, it was outstanding. Douglass utilized the faith to spur the volume. He utilized it to school hope in the people. Hope that the oppression they all approach due to their escape and slavery would scrape to an end. He believed that graven image would change the world, that God would change the predicament faced by black people and redeem them. Through his faith, Douglass viewed himself as a visionary. A prophet who was following Gods instructions (Stauffer).Hence, by utilizing the prophet in him, he was able

Representation and textual analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Representation and textual analysis - Essay ExampleIn fact, in contemporary studies, the ideology receives little headway in terms of historical importance. Much of the recent developments in technology and the consequent implications of mass media are credit with the invention of the famous person culture as complemented by the metamorphosis of the public sphere, when in reality, the societies of age besides exhibited the celebratory mechanisms as far back as the 18th Century. The engagement of the word celebrity can be traced as far back as then, finding its roots in languages other than English. Celebrite is a French iteration of the word (which when converted into English translates to either fame or celebrity) found numerous usage throughout the late 18th century (Lilti, 2008, p.55). As the usage grew, the notion of celebrity was etched in the minds of the audience as distinct from fame and reputation since the latter two were restricted to the knowledge of ones presence among st relatively immediate acquaintances as opposed to complete unknowns. Thus, the ideology is not restricted to modern times, granted the contemporary face of celebrity is much(prenominal) more fierce and enveloping in nature due to the presence of mass media and stardom. The growth of notoriety amongst people was only possible on a large scale with the advent of modern publishing and a rise in general literacy (Lilti, 2008). In addition, what is evident is that with each era the altering celebrity culture is reminiscent of the changing social beliefs and values. The concurrent discussion will consider the ideology of modern celebrity in conjunction with semiotics by analyzing the cover of an issue from the acclaimed fashion magazine Vogue. It will be seen that the success of a celebrity in respective audiences requires a textual analyst to language their demographics and psychological needs and provide them with products that embody characteristics which match and meet them (Gamso n, 1994, p. 68). Semiotism Semiotism is a study of signs (Lidov, 1999) which includes analogies, symbols, metaphoric representations etc to relate a text with an object. It is the process of deriving substance from textual representation which could be understood by utilizing the modern version of the explanation coined by Ferdinand de Saussure. Saussure purported that signs comprised of two individual notions, the signifier which related to both representation made in any language that related to that which was signified (Lidov, 1999, p. 26). This approach was in consonance with Roland Barthess theory on semiotics, which also purported the use of signifiers which relate to the signified, but with the added second order sign of connotations (Redmond and Holmes, 2007). According to Barthes, the signifier denotes simple meaning with regards to that which it signifies but may also connote an ideological reading that is based on the prevalent understanding of the signifier in the par ticular culture (Redmond and Holmes, 2007, p. 16). For instance, a picture of a bottle of wine for the French as the signifier in essence signified an alcoholic beverage, but for the bourgeoisie also connoted a rejuvenating and relaxing experience. This identifies that the context within which the representation is made is also of critical importance in textual represent

Media Ethic personal statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Media Ethic personal statement - Essay Exampleay I decide to report events can either create peace or topsy-turvyness in a certain situation and therefore, I must constantly adhere to the highest principles of media ethics as I go about completing my tasks on the job.I was amazed to learn that as a media practitioner, I would oftentimes find myself at the crossroads of having to deal with news manipulation versus coverage the truth, or having to choose between public interest and the right of a person to privacy, and most specially, I found myself highly concerned by the fact that the interests of the media when it comes to reporting and informing the public may oftentimes find roadblocks in terms of our national laws. As a journalist, I would definitely have my snuff it undertake out for me in the future.But, if I had chosen to take the path of entertainment media instead, I would find myself having to deal with the ethics of censorship and the right of people to choose. thither is also the problem posed by conflict of interest regarding product placement in shows that I might become involved with. Not to pay heed having to deal with the constant stereotyping in Hollywood that often leads to the presentation of taboo topics that most audience members and censors may deem unethical. However, since i trained for the job, I entrusting know exactly how to strike a very delicate balance among all the factors involved. It wont be easy but, thanks to my ethics classes, I will know exactly how to handle the situation should it arise.Having been educated by our classes in the various types of ethics involved in media relations, I have come to insure that ethics as a moral philosophy is something that I shall have to deal with on a daily basis in my line of work because I will be constantly defending and recommending concepts of right and wrong to various people whom I work with very closely. That is because I now run into that every action I choose to take wil l result in certain positive or negative consequences for other people.

Chapter 4 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Chapter 4 - Assignment ExampleThe correct answer is (c), to break up for I, one must identify the value of I that causes the PV of the positive CFs to equal the absolute value of the PV of the negative CFs. This is, essentially, a trial and-error procedure that is easy with a computer or financial calculator but quite difficult otherwise.The formula for effective rate of r= (1+i/n)n- 1, for Riverside Bank, the effective one-year interest rate will be, rR = (1 + (0.065/12))12 = 1.067, while for the Midwest Bank, the effective yearly interest rates will be, rM = (1 + (0.07/1))1 = 1.07. Hence the effective annual rate is higher for Midwest Bank by (1.07 1.067) 0.003 or 0.3%.To arrive at the annual contribution for Eds trust, first we calculate the integrality amount that will accrue for Steve in the next 46 years using the formula, FV= (A.(1+i)n-1)/i(1+i) where A is the equal annuities, i is the interest rates and n the bite of years (Wegner, p 530).From their initial amount of $15 ,000 at the rate of 9%, they will accumulate, 15,000x (1+0.09)7 = 27,420.059. From their regular contribution of $5,000, they will accumulate $5,000 x 1.097 + $5,000 x 1.096 + $5,000 x 1.095 + $5,000 x1.094 =$32,276.7, the total will be = $59,696.76At t=11, the amount of $8,103.14, will have a dearth of $12,350.54, so an additional amount of $9,536.88 should be saved before the study begins, hence distributing the amount in three equal installments we use the annuity formula, Ax (1.093), A =

A Case Study of Property Developing Firm Using Soft System Methodology Dissertation

A Case Study of Property Developing Firm victimization Soft System Methodology - Dissertation ExampleThe author of the essay A Case Study of a Property Developing Firm utilize Soft Systems Methodology assumes that SSM study fits the concept of action research arising first in the behavioral sciences. Researchers view of the limitations of studying complex real social events in a laboratory, the artificiality of splitting out single behavioral elements from an integrated system. The action-research method fits the Soft System Methodology in which it involve in a dislodge progress, in the system itself, as a means to both practical action and an experience relevant to the research aim of developing systems concepts. Being bear on with intervention in purposeful systems, the action researcher, unlike natural scientists, can express his research aims as hopes but cannot with certainty design them into his experiences. He is prompt to react to whatever happens in the research situatio n. He has to follow wherever the situation leads him or stop the research. This study advocates that the continues use of SSM on the property reading help firms on the organization learning, this allow users to learn from their action systematically, as well as generating creative problem solving strategies for their growth and continuity. The strength of SSM comes from familiarity of the systems and experience of users however, users need patient and practice to be able to explore the usefulness of SSM. Lastly, SSM seems to be a useful tool for large co- functions, which consist of many people, departments and operation entities.

Alternatives to Globalization Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Alternatives to Globalization - Research Paper ExampleThe phenomenon of Globalization is not new and has been around even before the outbreak of the graduation exercise World War in 1914, how incessantly it has been deeply controversial as there have been two schools of thoughts i.e. the advocates of globalization and the opponents debating over the concept of globalization ever since it has been coined. The advocates of globalization argue that globalization has harnessed various positive initiatives as it allows the developing countries and its citizen to better develop economically and increase their standards of living, as free merchandise allows efficient allocation of resources with which all the countries involved are benefitted. It also perpetuates economic freedom in terms of democracy and capitalism. The integration and interaction that is achieved through globalization, it allows multinational cooperation in solving major global issues concerning the human rights issues or the environmental issues such as global warming. Globalization also helps in promotion of a unified culture and frame of reference thus mitigating the misconceptions harbored and enforcing more understanding of each other.

Discuss the major factors behind the rise and decline of the Ancient Essay - 2

Discuss the major factors behind the rise and decline of the Ancient Egyptian Civilization - Essay Example fabianism played a pivotal role in the growth of the old-fashioned Egyptian civilization. Karl Wittfogel, author of Oriental Despotism inferred that socialism laid the foundation for each(prenominal) primitive civilizations (Karenga 99). Socialism is an ideology, which advocates for public ownership in favor of privatization of a countrys economy. Ancient Egyptian civilization flourished under a centralise system of government charged with the responsibility of mobilizing the countrys resources. For example, the government oversaw the erection of permanent structures such as the pyramids of Giza and the Great Sphinx. In addition, Egypts strategical geographic location endorsed agriculture within the region, which translated into a reliable and stable source of food for its population. Ancient Egyptians capitalized on the flooded Nile River, which supplied water to sustain th e irrigation of tillable plains in the region. Under the governments supervision, the harvest was stored and controlled rations distributed to the population. Moreover, surplus harvest became a trade commodity boosting trade within the region. Growth was not check to the economic sector only. The use of written words and symbols became a tool for the preservation of Egyptian culture whereby, scholars created permanent records of significant events. These served as reference points for future day generations. Finally, the pharaohs (for example, Tuthmosis 1 and his grandson Tuthmosis III) secured the regions borders by forming strategic alliances with their neighbors such as Assyria and Canaan (Hine et al 35).Historians remain divided regarding possible reasons, which contributed to sudden decline of the ancient Egyptian civilization. However, they all concur that the civilization collapsed during the end of the eighth dynasty after the long reign of Pepy II. It is estimated that Pe py II held the throne for ninety years. His sons were eager to rule in his stead

Torturing terrorist by the goverment Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Torturing terrorist by the goverment - Article ExampleSuspects of act of terrorism are expected to provide the government with intelligence information on the whereabouts of their gangs, sympathizers and financiers. However, to extract this information from them always become the problem. This is because most of these suspects are under oath to protect the activities of their groups. For example, most of them opt to commit suicide rather than having to be interrogated by the authorities. Concealing this information, therefore, renders a big blow to governments counter-terrorism activities. Proposals have for this reason been forwarded encouraging governments to use more force on the suspects and this involves the application of torture to the suspects. This, however, has gracious rights implications besides the expected outcomes. This means that in the face of the society, the human rights organizations and the international community, torturing terrorism suspects have pros and con s.Applying torture to terrorism suspects have advantages. First, torture to terrorism suspects has not been covered in the Geneva Convention report on the treatment of prisoners of war. Further, the convention only prohibits torture in the culprits own soil. When happening in another country, torture is thus legally acceptable. Secondly, treating terrorism with diplomacy only makes the shoes worse. When the dignity of the suspects is respected as proposed by humanitarian organizations the terrorists are steady more encouraged to make attacks. In addition, new members have no reproach joining the terror groups. This is as opposed to a torture situation in which case even those who have the intentions of joining such groups become discouraged. This slowly weakens the group and makes it unable to conduct attacks in future. Thirdly, the fight against terrorism lots requires the people to make a choice between two evils. To use torture to compel disclosure of intelligent information,

Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory and Existential Psychology Essay

Freuds Psychoanalytic Theory and Existential Psychology - Essay ExampleFreud thinks that the human mind is made up of three componentsthe id, the ego, and the superego. Through his actual experience with mentally ill individuals, Freud realized that unconscious(p) needs and childhood experiences determine behavioral patterns. From these observations, Freud created a supposition that portrayed development in the roll of psychosexual wooden legs. Freuds theory explains that as children grow or mature, they move through psychosexual stages. At every stage, the pleasure-oriented drive of the libido is concentrated on a specific body part. The effective completion of every stage results in a stable, strong personality later in life. But if a booking stays unsettled at any specific stage, the person may stay absorbed or trapped at that specific developmental stage (Mitchell & Black 49). An obsession may arise. For instance, an individual with an oral obsession is thought to be trapp ed at the oral developmental stage. Indications of an oral obsession may involve too much dependence on oral activities like eating or smoking (Cavell 214). Freud believes that conflicts in every stage can leave a permanent impact on behavior and personality (Guntrip 33). ... Freuds psychoanalytic theory had a ample influence on twentieth-century knowledge, influencing the field of psychology and mental health. Although a large number of his ideas are criticized or treated with skepticism nowadays, his impact on or contribution to psychology is unquestionable. Psychoanalytic theory was very influential at the time and until now. Those influenced by the ideas of Freud tried to expand his theory and create their own. The theories of Erik Erikson, who is considered a neo-Freudian, have been possibly the most widely recognized. Eriksons psychosocial development stages explain change and progress all over the lifespan, placing emphasis on conflicts and social relations that emerge dur ing each stage of development (Guntrip 29). whiz of the Freudian psychoanalytic concepts that was very influential was the structure of personalitythe id, the ego, and the superego. According to Freuds psychoanalytic theory, the mind is composed of two major componentsthe unconscious and conscious. The unconscious part involves all those external to an individuals awareness, such as memories, impulses, desires, and aspirations that reside outside the awareness but keep on affecting behavior. On the contrary, the conscious part involves those things that an individual is aware of (Mitchell & Black 48). Freud thinks that the mind is like an iceberg. The visible part of the iceberg, which is the tip, comprises only a small fraction of the mind, while the massive portion of submerged ice embodies the much bigger unconscious part. Besides these two key portions of the mind, Freud classifies human personality into three key partsthe id, the ego, and the superego. The id is the grassroot s component of personality that

Proposal and thesis statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Proposal and thesis statement - Essay ExampleThe most important change should be making the curriculum more interesting and contend for the students, once this happens one would witness a sharp decline in the dropout numbers. The curriculum should also be made challenging so that students study and pass judgment their new challenge. It is very important to find out the reason for students dropping out each year, some dropout because they get bullied, some stop going to aim because of poor grades and depression while some others get pregnant unexpectedly and decide to dropout, it is very important to know the right reason and take bewitch measures. KIDS are dropping out of inculcate as early as year 7 without any follow-up, a Springvale police officer says. Youth imagination officer Leading Sen-Constable Leanne Cooper said many parents were happy to have their children at home, citing at least one 16-year-old girl who had not attended school since she was in year 7. (Alarming Sch ool Drop-out rates) It is extremely important to check this long standing problem and to come up with steps which would eliminate it completely it requires a lot of effort and diligence. References Alarming School Drop-out rates (2011). Rising Drop-out Rates. Retrieved from http//dandenong-leader.whereilive.com.au/news/story/alarming-school-drop-out-rates-in-dandenong/

Sustainable Development in the UK and the Netherlands Essay

Sustainable Development in the UK and the Netherlands - Essay ExampleNetherlands absorb extracted and prioritised the demographic factor about world population, a intimacy based frugality, energy consumption and mobility, sustainable water consumption and biodiversity functioning in the earths ecological balance (NSDO, Feb 2002) It is just because of the workings of well-known sources of market failure, that the economy is left to its own devices for under supply or ignoring the environmental goods and services that make up sustainable development, such as clean air and water, parks, wilderness habitats, water levels, and instal diversity (Scott et al, 1995, p. 4). The bailiwick I have chosen for analysing sustainability is the water management.UK realises the way we survive today i.e., we drink and breathe a carbon constrained and water constrained world. This is the reason for why UK has recently proposed the Eco-towns Prospectus that requires sustainable water development as a whole should reach zero-carbon standards. The Future Water system as set in March 2008 for England plans the decisions of UK Government to set for water in the future and the practical steps that will need to be interpreted to ensure that clean water is available for the people to drink. The current plan of 2008 looks forward towards 2030 in order to examine the water cycle that have a profound effect, from rainfall and drainage procedures to discharge and treatment (TCPA, 2008a).Flood Risk New development is going on in terms of managing flood jeopardy in which sequential testing method is planned to be applied. In this case Planning Policy Statement is applicable and requires development away from the area that is subjected to highest flood risk. Therefore technical assessment is necessary in context with FRA (Flood Risk Assessment), where assessment easily identifies the main factors behind potential risks involved with the break through water drainage and sewer flooding, t herefore the development should fulfill all the requirements for a sustainable master plan. UK now being aware of the possible threats of floods have managed eco-towns to clearly demonstrate innovative approaches so as to minimise the loss of flood risk while taking into account all those longer-term impacts of climate kind that somehow directly or indirectly influences the lifetime development of water management. This has provided the UK water management some options like identifying the possible opportunities to reserve enough topographic point for water usage while strategically locating green space for flood storage in times of flood, using conveyance and Sustainable drain Systems and recreating functional flood plains. This way the various flood zones work in accordance with the communities to improve their performance and vigilance so that in circumstances where exceeding flood occur, an eco-town suffers the least impact.Sustainable Drainage Outcomes (SUDS) A new techniqu e incorporated by eco-towns is the SUDS that incorporate viable and cost-effective solutions by avoiding or reducing the need for hard engineering solutions. In order to avoid the threat of eco-towns exploitation, various readiness authorities work in collaboration with planning and legal agreements to secure the implementation of SUDS. The SUDS

Teen Pregnancy in the United States Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Teen Pregnancy in the United States - Essay ExampleThe focus of the article then moves on to the steps that could be taken in order to ensure that this issue is dealt with in the most effective manner. It is seen that a multi-dimensional approach is necessary to find fall out the best solution to the problems related to puerileage pregnancy in the United States. Not only there is the need for a more comprehensive educational plan, there is also the need to introduce programs that subscribe the further education and the career of the adolescent mother. In addition, support is also necessary for the mother to come across how to raise the child. The article concludes by discussing the need for a combination of the programs so that there is a comprehensive method to prevent both young pregnancies and to support adolescent mothers. Adolescent pregnancy has become a social issue that attracts a very high level of attention because the United States has the highest rate of teen pregnan cy among the industrialized countries. The rate of teen pregnancy in the US is almost double of that of Great Britain and over 10 times that of Japan (unc.edu, 2005). Therefore, it is no longer an issue that concerns just the teenager and the family, but it has become a social issue that has larger implications and repercussions that has the local and national impact. The peak period for teenage pregnancies was during the early 1990s when the teenage birth rate was over 60 births per 1000 women. Over a period, this rate has come down slowly. During 2006, this number cut down to 41.9 births per 1000 women (guttmacher.org, 2006). Researchers feel that there are two main reasons for this high rate of teenage pregnancy. One is that the age of menarche is now much lower than what it has been before. This results in an increase in sexual activity without the awareness of its consequences at a much earlier age, resulting in teenage pregnancy (Kaplowitz, 2006).

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND POLITICS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND POLITICS - Essay ExampleThe term of imperialism is usually applied when speaking about such countries as the United Kingdom, the USA, Japan, Italy, Spain and France of the nineteenth century. In that time these countries were trying to found empires by owning areas in Africa. This process is known as the Scramble for Africa. In his work dated 1916 Imperialism, the Highest form of majusculeist economy Lenin wrote about the importance of building the strong capitalist empire that will treat other nations and will have enough power to take decisions on the world arena. According to him, imperialism implies the domination of the developed countries over the underdeveloped ones (such as African counties). Though it must be mentioned that empire-building and the desire to capture other lands has always been in the history, the Lenins imperialism was a specific one because of the capitalist basis. Capitalism is founded on the idea that all the power is posses sed by private owners and capital stands for the key element in the economic system. Within the turn of the 19th century the capitalism in such countries as France, Japan, the USA and the UK was characterized by a great number of monopolies. Lenin wrote in his manifest that the small privately owned companies that were the key factor of the nation prosperity according to Karl Marx were to be replaced by the colossal monopolies that would have fewer owners, and in other words, fewer people controlling it. Such giants of production or other business controlled the whole nation with the sustain of the power that capital gave to them. The thing is that the dominant elements of the economy capital, land and wealth were concentrated in the hands of the few (Greene, 1970). Lenin wrote if it was necessary to give the briefest possible explanation of imperialism, we should have to say that imperialism is the monopoly stage of capitalism (Greene, 1970). So, when the economy of one country strives for monopoly, it leads to the decrease of competition. In a while such situation in one state can project to the international arena. In order to secure the power, capital and their ownership those few people needed the support of the state. Any earnest implies heavy spending on military forces. According to Lenins theory, the monopolization of the capital leads to the army strengthening. The rate of a countrys security depended on its army and navy forces, and it in its turn depended on the industrial production that provided these departments. As a result the interests of monopolies and state linked together and there appeared clod interdependence. According to Bukharin, the counterpart of Lenin, the monopolization of economy leads to its internationalization, though this internationalization was to be slowed by the armed nations that protected their ownership and capital violently. Therefore, there was the necessity for a state to cooperate with other countries, but it was to be done carefully in order not to risk the state security. As Lenin explained, Capitalisms transition to the stage of monopoly capitalism, to finance capital, is connected with the intensification of the struggle for the partitioning of the world (Warren, 1980). As mentioned above the new wave of imperialism based on capitalism was founded on the scramble for anaemic counties in order to provide

Sports Sponsorship Paper Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Sports Sponsorship - Term Paper ExampleThis paper is aimed at analyzing the extent of sponsorship by indicating what has been spent and by whom with the aim of arming the readers with the relevant information in planning for sponsorship. Sports sponsorship is a golden opportunity for companies to market their products on a large scale. Whenever companies align their products with the value of the sport, the result is that the customers associate the success of the brand with that of the sports team that they sponsor. The linkage of brands and the emotional connection that the target consumers waste for particular sports in unmatched of the largest market places in the world can have a profound invasion on the market share of those brands. Brands and corporations can have the power to leverage upon the sponsorship of certain sports with the goal of building a large lasting relationship with the customers. The emotional bond that sports enthusiasts attach to the sports can be tran sferred to a brand if the sponsorship is right. Such bonds are not usually temporary and in most cases last for a lifetime (Dobson & Goddard, 2001). This presents the corporations with the perfect opportunity to capitalize on those opportunities by building customer loyalty which may be the curative for surviving economic uncertainty in the long term. Discussion TV programming right off encompasses a vast diversity in hurt of reportage of sports events. There are many channels that are now dedicated entirely on sports. Studies that have been done on the Spanish population better that 70% of them watch news where about 20% is dedicated to sport which is the same amount of time dedicated to politics (Garcia & Rodriguez, 2002). It is no wonder that sports stars now enjoy the same level, if not more, of prestige as do the politicians. Olympic Games and world football are the two major events in the world that revolt people in a frenzy. These events easily bring countries where they are being held to a standstill. The previous events and most recently the Olympics in Beijing, previous world football events like the recent world cup in South Africa are some of the examples of the enthusiasm that is attached to sports. The physiognomy of a country changes rapidly ascribable to hosting an international event. The Olympics for example changes both the physical as well as the economic standing of the country it is held in. PricewaterhouseCoopers, an audit firm conducted a study in 2004 which placed the impact of the Sydney Olympics as having been 2.78% of Australias GDP in that year. The 1996 Atlanta Games also accounted for 2.41% of the American GDP. Professional football also has a profound impact on the GDP of a country. In Spain, for example, the industry accounts for 1.7% of the GDP and rises to 2.5% when in relation to the service sector. With such immense numbers both in terms of revenue and the attendance by the people, corporations see it as a perfect opp ortunity to market their products. Real Madrid, a football club in Spain, is one of the most reputable worldwide. The election of Florentino Perez as its president had a profound effect on the club. He is responsible for the success of what was referred to as the Galacticos era or the Galaxy players. These players were world class and they were brought in order to improve the image of the club. Perez referred to the club as being both a brand and content. The brand was reinforced on the human resources who included the players, coaches and the management

Peuasive Speech on Uniforms Essay Example for Free

Peuasive Speech on Uniforms EssayStudies have shown that crops with undifferentiateds function as a totally better than checks without them. Their attendance is better and there are fewer distractions. They instil schooltime spirit and students look more professional. They eliminate fads and jealously between the students because of the in style(p) designer labels. Everyone is treated equally with uniforms and it encourages self expression and individuality through academics, extracurricular activities and not by the clothing they wear.They eliminate a reason to tonicity self-conscious, helping to improve self-confidence of students. School uniforms ensure that students will come to school in appropriate clothing, and ready to learn. In grade 7 I learned that we would be getting uniforms for my grade 8 year. I wasnt too pleased to hear the news but I soon established all of the benefits of a uniform. Safety is a big issue in schools these days, especially with all the ga ng violence and shootings happening in Toronto.When a school has a uniform it is very easy to spot an outsider because of the way they are dressed. If everyone at school is wearing the uniform and someone enters a school not wearing the uniform they can easily be spotted and reported to the office. Many of you are on teams, be it in school or outside. Teams have uniforms to show pride and unity for the school or club they represent. How good does it feel putting on that football or rugby uniform before a game?When you put that uniform on all you can think of is the sport that jersey represents, your performance on the field. That uniform or jersey was specially made to be worn during that sport. When you win you feel pride in wearing the jersey around, and being seen in it. These same paint points apply to school uniforms. School uniforms infuse school spirit inside and outside of school, when you put on that uniform and come to school all you should be thinking about it your perfo rmance in school, which encourages less distractions.A school uniform is designed specially to promote education and professionalism. Think about how much(prenominal) you spend on your school clothes each year. Regular clothing is becoming far more expensive than a uniform. Back to school obtain would get some much easier, with a school uniform. You would be able to get more nice and expensive clothes for outside of school. A school uniform is very durable and lasts longer than regular clothing because they are made especially for repeated wash and wear. They can also be give down through siblings going to the same school.

Subhash Chandra Bose Essay Example for Free

Subhash Chandra Bose EssaySubhash Chandra Bose was born on January 23, 1897 at Cuttack, in Orissa. He was the sixth son of Janakinath and Prabhavati Bose. Subhash was an gauzy student and after school joined the Presidency College, Calcutta, where he studied philosophy, a subject he was interest in. As a young son Subhash felt neglected among his 8 siblings. At his English school he suffered under the discrimination faced by Indians which made him even sadder. He precious to work for the poor but his father, had other ideas. He sent Subhash to England to appear for the Indian polished Service.In July 1920, barely eight months later Subhash Chandra Bose appeared in the Civil Service Examination and passed it with distinction. But he didnt want to be a member of the bureaucracy and resigned from the service and returned to India. Back home, he participated in the at large(p)dom transaction along with Deshbandhu C. R. Das. He was thrown into jail but that only made him more det ermined. Subhash joined the congress and rose to its Presidentship in 1938 a position he held for 2 years. In 1939, when the Second World War started Gandhiji and other leaders were against doing anything anti-Britain.But Subhash thought differently. He knew, for instance, that the fall of the Roman Empire had light-emitting diode to the freedom of its colonies. He decided to seek foreign protagonist for his cause of freeing India. He was arrested and kept in his house under detention. On January 17, 1941, age everyone was asleep, Bose slipped out of his house into a waiting car. Disguised as a Muslim religious teacher, Bose managed to reach Peshawar two days later. Bose went to Italy, Germany and even Russia to seek help but without much use. Subash decided to organize Indians on his own.He landed in Singapore and grouped Indians there into the Indian National Army or the Azad Hind Fauj and declared himself the temporary leader of the free Indian government. Japan, Germany and I taly recognizied Subhashs government and the whole of India rejoiced. The INA marched to Andaman and Nicobar islands, liberating and renaming them as Shaheed and Swaraj islands. On March 18, 1944, it crossed the Burmese border and reached Manipur where free Indias banner was raised with the shouts of Jai Hind and Netaji Zindabad. But heavy rain prevented any further movement and the units had to fall back. Even then Netaji was determined.On August 17, 1945, he issued a Special Order to the INA which said that Delhi is still our goal. He then wanted to go to Russia to seek Soviet help to fight the British. But the unsaved plane in which he was flying, crashed in Taipei on August 18, 1945, resulting in his death. Some people believe that Subhash Chandra Bose didnt die, that he faked his own crash to work the British who wanted to arrest him. There were even reports of Bose living in Russia and other foreign countries, even some claims of having seen him as a sadhu, but no(prenomina l) were ever proved and today his death in the plane crash is the accepted version.

Physics in Sports Essay Example for Free

Physics in Sports EssayEverything from kicking a lump into a goal to running from one side to the former(a) side of the field is based on physics. Physics plays a key role in sports it loafer impact on a player either positively or even negatively. Gravity, friction, motion and projectile affects sport in every aspect. How physics affects Sports No matter how hard or high you kick a ball as a result of gravity it entrust be pulled back have to earth. Although the rate at which it descends may vary on its mass and surface atomic number 18a, it will still have to come down. If thrown at any different angle than 90iit will have a parabolic path (trajectory). Also air resistance and friction will reduce the rate at which the ball moves. The law of conservation of energy also plays a major role in sports. In football if you kick a ball you are transferring energizing energy from your foot to the ball. From the pendulum balls by the side you can see how energy transfer act upons . If you lift the ball at left then energy will be passed on to the neighbouring ball and as a result the ball at the end will move the same distance from which it was released on the other side.Similarly in this diagram the character kicks the ball transferring kinetic energy from his foot to the ball. The ball moves and rises and therefore the kinetic energy will be converted into gravitational potential energy. Speed is another factor that is based on physics. In any sports using the force applied, fourth dimension and the mass you can work out the final/initial velocity assuming that initial/final velocity is zero. Alternatively you can work out speed if you are attached the time taken and distance it travels.How technological development has made the data collected more valid and reliable than with traditional methods of studying mechanics. Technology has develop at a staggering rate over the recent years. This allowed us to flyer data much more accurately, as humans can a ffect errors in timing due to reaction time both at start and end. Also the development of light doorways allowed us to measure speed, time and acceleration. This can then be plotted on a graph and the graph can drawn/ edited in real time (as the measurements are taken the graph can be plotted and the line of best fit can be changed).Experiment for measuring Speed You can measure speed using a simple tennis ball. Set a straight horizontal track and makes sure it is straight. Measure the length of the track. You will bring a timer to time the experiment. Roll the tennis ball through the measured distance and time it. Then use V=S/T (Velocity=Displacement/Time) to find out Speed at which it was travelling. Alternatively the velocity can be measure by setting a light gate near the end of the track and connecting it to a Data gent, and this will display the data on the screen, so that it is easier for you to read.You have to set up the data logger so that it measures speed also you h ave to choose the diameter of the ball which will pass through the light gate.Sources Edexcel AS Physics Ann Fullick, Patrick Fullick, Miles Hudson, Sue Howarth Pearson (2008) knave 46 47 http//www. soccerballworld. com/Physics. htm Physics World magazine, June 1998 pg 25-27. http//physics-of-sport. net/basketball. html http//www. serioussoccer. net/Documents/PhysicsofSoccer. pdf.

Identification of Dermatophytes | Experiment

Identification of Derma acmehytes ExperimentAbstractDermatophytosis constitutes a group of superficial fungal contagions of keratinized structures like stratum corneum of the skin, digs and hair. Despite the availability of utile antifungal agents, dermatophytic infections continue to be one of the principal infections throughout the world, especially in tropical countries like India. Identification of causative dermatophytic species in clinical settings are not only of epidemiological concerns but also important for the interference of rather common dermatomycosis with great precision.To study the clinical variants, species of fungus kingdom create dermatophytic infections, epidemiological factors responsible for the disease in central Mysore, molecular characterization and antifungal expertness tests by MIC.The prospective observational analyses of clinically suspected 600 dermatophytic give cases were studied at the Dermatology department of K.R. Hospital and C.S.I. H gag asworth Memorial Hospital, Mysore, India. The study was conducted from November 2010 to October 2012. All the cases were evaluated and patients data were recorded as per pre-designed proforma. Skin scraping, hair and nail samples were amass, processed, molecular characterization and antifungal susceptibility test were done according to standard mycological protocol. Patients on topical and systemic antifungal treatment were excluded from the present study.clinically suspected 600 patients samples were collected, among them 389 (64.8%) were skin scraping, 113 (18.8%) were hair plucking and 98 (16.3%) were nail clipping. They were processed for isolation and identification of dermatophytes from different clinical types. The specific and non specific variables effecting dermatophytosis were also analyzed.Samples were collected throughout the year, of which samples collected from July to October showed highest incidence of dermatophyte infection among patients. The number of specimen c ollected under the age group 21-30 years were 333 (55.5%), which was statistically significant (PMicrosporum genus Canis and 12 were infected by Trichophyton verrucosum.Among 600 clinically suspected dermatophytes infected patients, 433 (72.2%) samples were collected from K.R. Hospital and 167 (27.8%) samples were collected from C.S.I. Holdsworth Memorial Hospital, Mysore. The various factors which were found to increase chances of acquiring dermatophytosis were by sharing bed, 343 (57.2%) not bathing daily, 362 (60.3%) and domestic animals in their house, 102 (17.0%). Partial treatment and over the counter medication was also considered as major factors influencing dermatophytic infection among patients. Less number of patients 86 (14.3%) showed family history of dermatophytosis. Most of the patients visited to the Doctor in 5th-8th week after infection, 391 (53.2%). During that period of infection, they were either taking home made music or over the counter medicine.Most of the c ases found predominantly were roundworm corporis and tinea capitis. Tinea corporis 282 (47.0%) and tinea capitis 75 (12.5%) were seen among 26-30 year old patients and 6-10 year old patients respectively. Most of the isolates belonged to three genera and eight species, where T. mentagrophytes was predominantly isolated 105 (29.7%), T. rubrum 84 (23.8%) was isolated from tinea corporis cases, T. violacium 4 (12.2%), T. verrucosum 54 (15.3%), Epidermophyton floccosum 11 (3.1%), M. canis 13 (3.6%), T. tonsurans 38 (10.8%) and T. schoenleinii 5 (1.4%) were also isolated from different cases of tinea.Dermatophytes infected horticulture positive, 132 patient samples (skin scrapings, hair plucking and nail clipping), were obtained for molecular characterization in the study. Nearly 87 males and 45 females were referred by Department of Dermatology, K.R. Hospital and C.S.I. Holdsworth Memorial Hospital, Mysore during two years of study period. The collected samples were analyzed by two d irect microscopic examination and culture assays. Of the 132 culture positive cases, the organisms identified by phenotypic characterization were belonging to three genera and eight species viz., T. mentagrophytes 52 (39.4%), T. rubrum 30 (22.7%), T. violacium 18 (13.6%), T. verrucosum 11 (8.3%), E. floccosum 10 (7.6%), M. canis 6 (4.5%), T. tonsurans 3 (2.3%) and T. schoenleinii 2 (1.5%). The culture isolates of these organisms were further characterized by PCR. The present study showed positive result for phenotypically analyzed culture positive with 100% aesthesia and specificity by PCR.PCR targeting internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and Chitin synthase 1 was sensitive to detect 10 picograms and 1 femtogram of T. rubrum DNA respectively. From the same source (houses) 10 isolates from patients and 10 domestic animals were subjected to both PCR and RFLP. The product after agarosegel electrophoresis, breastwork enzyme burn upting patern was found to be infected by same T. verruc osum with 100% sensitivity and specificity. This indicates that T. verrucosum infection is from animal source.The dermatophyte specific terra firma based PCR-RFLP which targets the internal transcribed spacer and chitin synthase 1 region are useful in the direct identification of dermatophytosis from clinical specimens. The application of the Hae III, Hinf I and Mva I restriction enzymes by using the ITS amplicons and chitin synthase 1 region are constant, stable and reproducible show variation within the species, so these sequences have been widely use to pause rapid procedures for the identification of fungal species by PCR-RFLP analysis. The PCR-RFLP method, on using the dermatophyte specific primer with restriction enzymes Mva I, Hae III and Hinf I, showed species differentiation among the T. rubrum and T. mentagrophytes isolates. Since direct microscopy and culture have limitations, execute a direct PCR on the clinical specimens can augment the diagnosis of more dermatophy tic cases.PCR confirmed 132 dermatophytic samples were taken for antifungal sensitivity test. In the current study, among 132 isolates of dermatophytes or so are sensitive and some are moving towards resistance, but high MIC value indicated that it has slowly acquired adaptation towards the medicine. This indicates in near future it will contrive drug resistance against the antifungal agents. Twenty three isolates (14.4%) were showing high MIC value for fluconazole of which T. mentagrophytes (8), T. rubrum (5) and T. verrucosum (10) and M. canis (3) had MIC50 of 16 g ml-1. Second most frequently utilise drug next to fluconazole is ketoconazole, which had MIC50 of 0.125 g ml-1 for most of the isolates. Griseofulvin, itraconazole and terbinafine showed similar results of 0.03-0.06 g ml-1.The present study showed drug concentration inhibition of some fungi against 50% of isolates and 90% of isolates and their geometric mean of five drugs against 132 isolates. MIC50 and MIC90 were n ot determined because of small number of samples i.e., C. parapsilosis ATCC-22019 were within the value standardized by CLSI guidelines.The study high uncloudeded tinea corporis as the most common clinical pattern of dermatophytosis followed by tinea capitis in Mysore. The predominant causative fungal species isolated were T. mentagrophytes, T. rubrum, T. violacium, T. verrucosum, E. floccosum, M. canis, T. tonsurans and T. schoenleinii confirmed by PCR with 100% sensitivity and specificity. Trichophyton verrucosum was isolated and confirmed by PCR and RFLP from world and their domestic animals (from animals to human). PCR-RFLP provides the best technique for dermatophytic identification at species level. MIC was done to see susceptibility and resistance pattern for clinician as well as for lab workers where terbinafine was 100% sensitive drug against dermatophytes. Clinical evaluation and fungal species identification are mandatory for proper management of dermatophytosis rather t han empirical treatment.Need for the studyIn the medical science dermatophytes are constant parasites of human beings, and has survived some(prenominal) generations of therapeutic regimens, ranging from single dose antifungal to several dose drugs like griseofulvin, tolnaftate and early imidazole. There are some dermatophytes which were abundant once upon a period but now it is rare, it may be due to geographical restrictions, indicate that economy, geography, type of the species and environmental factors also interferes with the dermatophytic survival and distribution. It is equally important to review anthropophilic dermatophyte as well as zoophilic dermatophytes, which may increase chances of infection in the near future, as immunocompromised diseases are increasing day by day.The dermatophytes are oldest parasites of human and animals. Good and specified knowledge about these agents are still far from human understanding. The medical mycologists have done considerable work, bu t the studies were mainly utilize to the reactions of the host rather than the study of the parasites. The rates of publication on dermatophytes are limited as compared to the extensive work being done in the study of bacteriology and virology. As we know, these dermatophytic infections are not usually life threatening, but offer an interesting approach to the variety of fundamental problems in human, animals and fungal biology.The obvious reasons manifestly disregard to the study of Medial MycologyMost of the fungal diseases are not fatal and hence do not attract much attention of the investigators.The phylogeny of the infection is very slow and persists for years without any serious damage to the host.Carrier among human and animals is very common and survives for decades without harming the host.Methods of isolation and identification are relatively very complicated and require long time to obtain positive results.Most of them are sensitive to the limited antifungal drugs ex cept few and drug resistance is very slow and limited.Sources of infection are mostly human, animals and soil.Factors that attract to do research on dermatophytesIncreasing incidence of immunocompromised diseases in and somewhat the world.Changing patterns of dermatophytic infections with change in environment.Development of resistant species among the dermatophytes.Carrier harbours morbific species for many years to produce disease under favourable condition.Formulate treatment of choice according to the new changing pattern of drug resistant dermatophytes.Fungal infections of skin, hair and nail are common in hot and wet climate. Humans acquire various dermatophytic infections due to poor health hygienic conditions. The present investigation was aimed to study molecular level identification of tinea by PCR and its antifungal susceptibility test.Objectives of the studyTo study the incidence of dermatophytic infections and their clinical variantsTo identify the sources of infecti on by PCR for dermatophytesTo determine the in vitro antifungal susceptibility test lantern sliding board cultureFor visualization of the normal colonial characteristics, arrangement and morphology of spores and mycelial appendages, slide culture was done. SDA media without antibiotics or cornmeal agar with 1% glucose was utilise. Lactophenol cotton blue was used as the mounting fluid for easy visualization of hyphae and spores (WHO, 1986).AdvantagesIt is arapid method of preparing fungal colonies for examination and identification.Permits fungi to be studied virtually in situ with as elfin disturbance as possible fungi were identified mostly by close examination of its morphology and the characteristics it possess.We were growing the fungi directly on the slide on a thin film of agar. By doing this, there was no need to remove a portion of the fungus from a culture plate and transit it to the slide. So there wasless chances for the features that were key to identification, no tably the spore-bearing structures, without any damage.A modified method adapted from Roberts et al. (2003) and described here fulfills those requirements. Sterile 1.5% water agar (7 to 8 ml) was poured into sterile 60-mm plastic petri plates and allowed to solidify. A sterile 22-mm2 cover glass was centered on the agar. The desired nutrient agar moderate (10 ml) was poured into a second 60-mm petri dish, allowed to solidify, and cut with a sterile stainless steel spatula into blocks approximately 5 to 8 mm2. One block was aseptically removed and placed on the cover glass. Inoculation of the agar block on one or more sides with fungal hyphae or conidia was followed by placement of a second sterile cover glass on top of it. After the petridish lid was replaced, the completed modified slide culture was incubated at the desired temperature until adequate growth and conidiogenesis had occurred. Each cover glass was used to prepare a semi permanent mount on a standard microscope slide 3 by 1 inch (7.62 by 2.54 cm). The top cover glass was lifted off with forceps and wetted on the specimen side with a drop of ethanol (70 to 90%). One drop of fungus mounting medium (e.g., lactophenol cotton blue) was applied to the specimen, and the cover glass was lowered gently onto the slide, specimen side down. The bottom cover glass was lifted from the water agar and as well mounted on a second slide. The nutrient agar block adhered to one of the cover glasses during the cover glass mounting procedure and was carefully lifted off with a sterile dissecting needle before the application of alcohol and mounting medium. Heat fixation of the cover glasses before mounting as described by McGinnis may improve the stability of the conidium-bearing structures (James, 2011).Lactophenol Cotton Blue (LPCB)The Lactophenol Cotton Blue wet mount preparation was the most widely used method of staining and observing fungi and was simple to prepare. The preparation has three components phenol, which will kill any live organisms lactic acid which keep fungal structures, and cotton blue which stains the chitin in the fungal cell walls. It was used constantly as a mounting fluid when examining culture of fungi microscopically (Leck, 2012).MaterialsLactic acid .. 20 mlPhenol (crystals.. 20 gmGlycerine.. 40 mlWater (distilled) 20 mlMixed the supra gently and added 50 mg the dye,cotton blue.ProcedurePlaced a drop of 70% alcohol on a microscope slide.Immersed the specimen / material in the drop of alcohol.Added one or at most two drops of the lactophenol cotton blue mount and stained before the alcohol dries out.Holding the cover curve between forefinger and thumb, touched one edge of the drop of mount with the cover slip edge, and lowered gently, avoiding air bubbles. The preparation was ready for examination.Hair discernment testMany isolates of T. rubrum and T. mentagrophytes are difficult to distinguish between on the basis of colony morphology and microscopic appearance . This in vitro test is the best method to distinguish between these two dermatophytesProcedureObtained a small amount of juvenile human hair and washed off fats and oils (kept hair in flaskful or beaker with 50 to 100 ml of ether, acetone or alcohol, shacked for 2 to 5 minutes and pour off the liquid).With scissors, a scalpel or a shave blade cut the hair into segments approximately 1 cm long.Put the hair in a glass petri plates, place on the lid and autoclaved for 10 to 15 minutes. This maintained sterility in the petri plates and can be used for 10 years.Calcofluor White malignment (CFW)It is a fluorescent stain for rapid spying of yeasts, fungi and parasitic organisms. Calcofluor White stain is a non-specific fluorochrome that binds to cellucose and chitin in cell walls (Chattaway and Barlow, 1954 Green et al., 1983 Hageage and Harrington, 2005).CompositionCalcofluor White M2R 1g/l and Evans blue 0.5g/l.DirectionsPut the sample to be examined onto a clean glass slide.Add one drop of Calcofluor White Stain and one drop of 10% Potassium HydroxidePlace a cover slip over the specimen and let stand for 1 minute.Examine the slide under UV light at 100X to 400X magnification.Calcofluor White Stain was a non-specific fluorochrome that binds with cellulose and chitin contained in the cell walls of fungi and other organisms. The staining procedure with Calcofluor White Stain is a rapid method for the detection of many yeasts and pathogenic fungi like Microsporidium, Acanthamoeba, Pneumocystis, Naegleria, and Balamuthia species. Evans blue present in the stain act as a counter stain and diminishes background fluorescence of tissues and cells when using blue light temper (not UV). A range of 300 to 440 nm (Emmax 433nm 0.1 M phosphate pH 7.0 cellulose) can be taken for emission wave length and the excitation occurs around 355nm. Fungal or parasitic organisms appear fluorescent bright green to blue, while other material is reddish-orange fluorescent. Attentions to b e taken as cotton fibers will fluoresce strongly as well amoebic cysts are fluorescent. One drop of 10% potassium hydroxide solution can be added for better visualization of fungal elements.

Benefits of Healthy Eating on the Body

Benefits of Healthy Eating on the BodyTodays society is al elbow rooms on the go, with hectic work schedules and early(a) responsibilities that limit the amount of time exhausted paying attention to use uping habits. Americas society has become accustom to eating on the go, which has led to plenty relying on fast nourishment. Fast food all the same is not necessarily a healthy alternative to a healthy well- match home cooked meal. A healthy nourishment improves ones health because proper feed al low-spiriteds the remains to heal from illness and infirmity.Choosing to eat a healthy diet rather than a diet high in saturated fats exit reach out an amelioration in ones health. Various studies have proven a well balanced diet is to include a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, healthy fats and oils, and fixing exercise is better for the frame. Paying attention to the types of nutrients the body need to function in a healthy way will buzz off a residual in ones health. A healthy diet needs to consist of a variation of foods rich in vitamins, minerals, and a unshakable exercise regimen. Raw fruits and vegetables check off a high quantity of the essential nutrients that bodies need to be healthy.Without proper nourishment, our bodies ar more susceptible to illness and diseases. For example, type two diabetes and heart disease to name just a few of the health complications that are associated with poor diet choices. The possibilities of other health problems are possible when diets are high in bad fats and cholesterol. By caring for our bodies with a balanced diet in that location will be a lessened chance for developing various illnesses and diseases. The body is like a machine that requires proper fuel and maintenance to continue running at its best performance levels.A well balanced diet would include whole grains such as oatmeal, whole wheat bread, and brown rice. The body is able to use the good carbohydrates from this type of grain . Good carbohydrates supply our bodies with the nada that we need to be active and friend control blood sugar and insulin levels from rising and falling too quickly. Healthy fats and oils are also an important lead off of a healthy diet. Healthy fats and oils include olive, stoolola, sunflower, and corn oils are good to include in a balanced diet. A variety of fruits and vegetables eaten raw or cooked has several benefits. However, fruits and vegetables retain more nutrients when consumed in a raw state. There should be a significant source of protein, fiber, and minerals included in a balanced diet. Proteins, fibers and other valuable minerals exist in nuts and beans such as garbanzo or navy beans, walnuts, and pistachios. A well balanced diet will include fish for the omega-3 and chicken or turkey as a source of protein. When planning a healthy diet there needs to be a source of vitamin D, this can come from dairy products such as low fat milk or cheese or in the form of a sup plement. At last red meat and butter, this is what our bodies need the least. Red meat contains high amounts of saturated fats with little to no nutritional value. The other foods that should be consumed sparingly include white bread, rice, pasta, potatoes, and other sugary foods, these foods are high in the carbohydrates our bodies do not need (Harvard School of semi normal Health, 2005).A healthy diet nourishes the body so we can perform at optimal levels. When consuming the vitamins and minerals needed, there will be an increased energy level. The benefits of a healthy diet will include a lower risk of colon problems, heart disease, and diabetes. A properly nourished body can dissent germs and bacteria better than a body that is relying on an unhealthy diet regimen. This is difficult to do when going out to eat at the average restaurants on a regular basis. Although there are restaurants that serve healthy menus and are conscious of the event that some people choose to eat hea lthier low fat foods. The menu items offered at galore(postnominal) restaurants often include foods deep-fried or smothered with condiments that include unnecessary fats, and cholesterol. Even though many favourite fast food restaurants are improving, the menus to include low fat alternatives to the traditional menu items there are better choices. These fast food menu items can be prepared at home in a much healthier manner. Cooking at home allows more choices in low fat and leaner options. For example, home cooked meals tolerater more control over making choices like choosing skinless chicken over beef and fat free dressings for salads versus full calories dressings.The food society consumes plays a significant role in the bodys ability to prevent and recover from illness and disease. When someones body is healthy because of eating properly and getting regular exercise there is a decreased risk of illness. Although a person is less likely to become sick when healthy, diet exists . It is probable that everyone will friction match a cold or virus at some time in life. Fortunately, some foods can help treat the symptoms. Some research has shown that there is truth to chicken soup being good for treating the symptoms of a cold. Boiling chicken releases amino acids into the water turning the water to a broth that has many healthy elements that improve the symptoms of a cold. When this broth is inhaled, the steam will thin mucus and relieve inflammation making it easier to breathe (Rutecki, 2009). Garlic has shown to have an substance on cancer cells. Allyl sulfate along with other compounds in garlic have shown to damage cancer cells in a greater way than normal cells (National Cancer Institute, 2008). The effect that garlic has on cancer cells is being researched to learn more about how this information can be applied to help treat and prevent cancer. At the World Diabetes Congress conference, researchers reported a diet rich in pulses and nuts have an effect on glycemic levels in patients with type two diabetes. The effect was comparable to taking prescription medications (Johnson, 2009). Early studies show that there is a chance a low fat vegan diet can improve or even reverse the diabetes disease (Nicholson, 2008). Changing the diet to control diabetes would allow a person to rely less on medications. If diabetics could rely less on medications is would improve the quality of life for these people.The websites discussed in this section are easily accessible providing the public with information about how to eat healthy. Sites exist with examples of healthy foods, how to prepare these foods in a variety ways and ideas for daily exercise routines. One site that provides an abundance of information is the Harvard School of Public Health. The Harvard School of Public Health is available to the public to provide information about healthy eating. The site is full of information and suggestion to teach people about why and how to eat health y. The Healthy Eating Pyramid developed at the Harvard School of Public Healths Department of Nutrition determined that the foundation for a healthy diet is regular exercise and balanced nutrition. This pyramid is an easy to follow example of a healthy diet. The diagram is colorful and designed to be easy to use as a guide to develop healthy eating habits. The pyramid shows picture examples of the optimal food choices in each category. victimization this pyramid to structure a balanced diet is a resourceful tool in learning how to eat healthy (Harvard School of Public Health, 2007). The fall in States Government has taken action to help protect and educate the public by appointing an independent agency known as the Food Standard place to protect the public. This agency is to conduct research related to setting food standards for the American people. The Food Standard Agency decides what is safe for people to consume and how foods are stored and handled in a variety of settings. Th e other responsibility of the agency is to determine what is healthy to consume and in what amounts. This agency offers a wide array of resources to provide information relevant to a healthy diet. The website also provides information that describes in what manner the research is conducted and the results of the research. These two sites are educational sources of information meant to inform the public about the best way to make healthy diet choices.Anyway, one looks at it a healthy diet improves the bodys health because proper nourishment allows the body to heal from illness and disease. Some changes in eating habits like eating home cooked meals more often, choosing healthier menu items when eating out, and utilizing information that is available to make healthier diet choices are all examples of what can improve ones health. Any positive change in a persons diet will make an improvement in someones health.ReferencesJohnson, K. (2009, Nov. 15). Dietary nuts and pulses beneficial i n diabetes.(ENDOCRINOLOGY)(Report). Internal Medicine News, 42.20, p.36(1). Retrieved from the University of Phoenix depository library Gale PowerSearchNational Cancer Institute, (2008). Garlic and cancer prevention fact sheet. Pamphlet by National Cancer Institute. Retrieved from the University of Phoenix Library Gale PowerSearch database.Nicholson, A. (2005). Diabetes Can a Vegan Diet Reverse Diabetes? Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine. Retrieved From http//www.pcrm.org/health/clinres/diabetes.htmlThe Nutrition Source, (2007) Staying prompt Every Bodys Path to Better Health, Reaping the Benefits of Exercise. Harvard School of Public Health, para. 3. Retrieved from http//www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/staying-active/staying-active-full-story/index.htmlThe Nutrition Source, (2005) Food Pyramids What Should You Really Eat. Harvard School of Public Health. Retrieved from http//www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/what-should-you-eat/pyramid-full-story/index.htmlRute cki, G.(May 2009). Does mother always know best? What the evince shows bundle up, drink chicken soup, get plenty of sleepare these motherly maxims supported by clinical data?(Top Papers Of The Month Articles You Dont Want To Miss). Consultant, 49.5,p.e13.Retrieved from the University of Phoenix Library Gale PowerSearch database.

Persian Proverb Doubt Is The Key To Knowledge Philosophy Essay

Iranian Proverb Doubt Is The Key To Knowledge Philosophy EssayI have been quite mesmerised by the many changes that keep happening to what seems to be a certainty and realized that doubt has traditionally played a signifi stinkert part in the philosophy of knowledge. The old-fashioned Greek philosophers debated the issue of knowledge and the relevance of doubt. Plato described knowledge as justified true spirit1 the key word being belief which in itself is subject to interpretations by individuals. The famous French philosopher Renee Descartes tried to define knowledge in terms of certainty and in his arguments the path to certainty begins with doubt. In his book Meditation 1 What can be called Doubt, he says I realised that it was necessary, once in the course of my life, to demolish everything completely and start over again right from the foundations if I wanted to establish anything at all in the lights that was stable and likely to last.2So is there any truth in the Persi an saying Doubt is the Key to Knowledge? Is this purely an epistemological rhetoric or will it hold true in beas of knowledge as diverse as science and arts?Nobel laureate and lead-ining physicist, Richard Feynman described doubt in relation to science as follows Scientific knowledge is a body of educational activitys of varying degrees of certainty -some most unsure, some nearly sure, none inviolablely certain. A strong analog can be drawn between his statement and space research. What made man land on the moonlight or explore the possibility of life on Mars? As a knower, I know that if we would not have doubted the probability that man could live on the moon, space expeditions to the moon would have stopped after the near life and cobblers last drama of Apollo 13. The Apollo3 series of expeditions seemed to have established that the moon was completely uninhabitable because of its inability to sustain water. The desire to know and doubting what was already known, led to the Indian unmanned space expedition to the moon. The Indian space craft Chandrayaan discovered traces of ice on the moons surface. So, can man really live on the moon? Science generally relies on a set of deductive logic to prove their hypothesis. Euclids two dimensional geometry is a classic case of using modus ponens or deductive logic to prove assumptions or hypothesis. Going by this, one could easily argue as follows Man needs oxygen and water to live. piddle contains oxygen. Ice is formed from water. Ice has been found on the moon therefore, man can live on the moon.www.plato.stanford.edu/entries/knowledge-analysis/ modus ponens xenodochy.org/article/popper.htmlwww.rep.routeledge.com/article/DA026SECT4www.space.com/8193-ca utilise-apoll-13-accient.htmlPopper doubted this process of deductive truism and said it cannot prove a scheme true every time. In his theory of falsification he argued that modus ponens is purely truth preserving and therefore a cave in alternative is modus tollens which uses the conditions of denying to falsify the assumption e.g. if P implies Q and Q is false, hence P must also be false. Poppers falsification theory pointed out no scientific theory is ever conclusively verified, no matter how many tests it has survived4For example, Schizophrenia has all along been seen as a chronic relapsing psychotic disorder that primarily affects thought and behaviour.5 A recent study by the University College of London has established by means of an experiment that in some cases, the perceptions of schizophrenic people is much accurate than those without schizophrenia. Therefore a doubt is created whether schizophrenia is really a psychotic condition or are there other dimensions to it.Going by the argument that deductive knowledge doesnt always hold good, I can safely surmise that we do not have adequate information to fold that man can live on the moon and therefore to a greater extent questions need to be asked.On the other hand doubt ing every scientific fact leading to unnecessary research and information overload could lead to a situation of complete paralysis in our normal daylight to day life. For example, if we were to doubt that oxygen is a life giving substance, then it could lead to critical situations in medical emergencies.Similarly while dealing with society at large and friends and relatives in particular, if we were to doubt everything to seek more knowledge, we are most likely to find ourselves with very little knowledge and even fewer friends Peoples emotions, intentions and their behavioural traits like honesty, integrity, sincerity etc. should not be doubted. There will be rare cases where people may want to deceive, but that by itself cannot lead to a doubt about people in general._____________________science.martinse rise.com/falsification.htmlpriory.com/schizo.htm.Shakespeare said If music be the food of love, play on6.Wonderful as it sounds and probably not argued too much, til now people have researched the effect that music has on plants. There is one school of thought that believes and take ins to have empirical data to prove that plants respond well to sedentary classical and similar genre of music but they wilt under the influence of hard rock and similar music. Drawing a parallel with human life they argue that hard rock, metal etc is actually detrimental for human growth and therefore should be banned.Traditional botanists however argue that the so called empirical data based on research is purely coincidental and there is no correlation between music and growth of plants. They resort to other set of evidence which shows that growth of plants is related to a number of factors that are not related to music such as condition of soil, temp, moisture fill etc.On a third dimension, music itself has different genres enjoyed by different people. Therefore is music also subject to perception or is it absolute? Does it really impact plant detrimentally or otherwise? If we doubt the basis of the claims and counterclaims and pursue with investigation from all angles, then, knowledge will progress and facts can be established.Science notwithstanding, art is abstract enough to create its own set of debates which normally focuses on the likes and dislikes of the perceiver. This leads me to wonder, if art and aesthetics are synonymous then to what extent is beauty a necessary ingredient for something to be considered art? Platos theory of forms claimed that It is by beauty that beautiful things are beautiful. Immanuel Kant, an 18th century German philosopher on the other hand claimed that aesthetic experience is not a matter of understanding or reason, (and hence not true knowledge), but is a matter of judgment Critique of Judgment.7Taking this argument further, the painting by Eduord Manet8, Luncheon on the Grass, was hotly debated when it was first exhibited in 1863. Most of all it was not viewed as an art, but as an affront to society. The painti ng, depicting a naked woman sitting amidst two fully clad men, all of whose images were contemporary and almost classifiable as one among the viewers, earned the painter the wrath of the critiques and masses. Yet an earlier painting by Thomas Coutre in 18479, Romans in The Decadence of the Empire visualized a scene with Romans lying about with many naked women in various poses of sensuality. It appears to me, that a nude in classical settings such as the ancient Greek or Roman empires was considered buryable but a nude in contemporary setting was not. Either way, the painting, known for its controversy today hangs as a masterpiece in the Musee D Oray in Paris.6. www.enotes.com/shaespeare-quotes/music-food-love-play7 www.creatorix.com.au/philosophy/t03/g010.html8 http//blog.photos2view.com/2008/05/27/art-and-controversy.htm9 http//www.essentialart.com/acatalog/Edouard_Manet_prints_Luncheon_on_the_Grass.htmlAs a student of visual arts in IB, I was told that there are three basic co lours red, yellow and blue. While using the computer, trangely I found that the primary feather colours were red, immature and blue, otherwise called the RGB format. So, what are the basic colours?The answer lay in the different mediums where they are used. Red, yellow and blue are primary colours which are used in while mixing dyes to achieve other shades and colours on a painting canvas.Red, green and blue are used where there are overlapping shades to be used while projecting on screens such as in LCD panels or monitors for computer screen. My doubt about the basic colours led me to seek additional information.The key to knowledge in this area of art was learning how to mix primary dyes in painting and this learning has been both experimental and experiential.Taking the Platonist view that knowledge is justified true belief, I can now reasonably claim to have knowledge that red and yellow if mixed in equal proportions would give the colour orange or shades of orange.Whether t he area of knowledge is science or arts, doubts and questions remain. Some answered with a reasonable amount of justification which points to a probable definitive answer based on information available at that point in time and others remain unresolved leading to further doubts.Therefore the question is knowledge absolute or is it infinite? We can neer know unless we doubt all knowledge leading us to seek more and more information.The downside do we doubt everything in life or should we accept some events as empirical realities. The answer? It is situational.At the end, as a knower, when I look at the word doubt I can safely say that the Persian saying Doubt is the Key to Knowledge is not just an epistemological rhetoric it is indeed a means to gain more knowledge. In the words of H L Mencken an influential writer and critic of the 20th century, Men become civilized, not in proportion to their willingness to believe, but in proportion to their readiness to doubt.9_______________ ____________www.leopoldsegedin.com/essay_detail_mona_lisas_smile.cfmwww.notable-quotes.com/d/doubt_quotes.html