Subhash Chandra Bose Essay Example for Free

Subhash Chandra Bose EssaySubhash Chandra Bose was born on January 23, 1897 at Cuttack, in Orissa. He was the sixth son of Janakinath and Prabhavati Bose. Subhash was an gauzy student and after school joined the Presidency College, Calcutta, where he studied philosophy, a subject he was interest in. As a young son Subhash felt neglected among his 8 siblings. At his English school he suffered under the discrimination faced by Indians which made him even sadder. He precious to work for the poor but his father, had other ideas. He sent Subhash to England to appear for the Indian polished Service.In July 1920, barely eight months later Subhash Chandra Bose appeared in the Civil Service Examination and passed it with distinction. But he didnt want to be a member of the bureaucracy and resigned from the service and returned to India. Back home, he participated in the at large(p)dom transaction along with Deshbandhu C. R. Das. He was thrown into jail but that only made him more det ermined. Subhash joined the congress and rose to its Presidentship in 1938 a position he held for 2 years. In 1939, when the Second World War started Gandhiji and other leaders were against doing anything anti-Britain.But Subhash thought differently. He knew, for instance, that the fall of the Roman Empire had light-emitting diode to the freedom of its colonies. He decided to seek foreign protagonist for his cause of freeing India. He was arrested and kept in his house under detention. On January 17, 1941, age everyone was asleep, Bose slipped out of his house into a waiting car. Disguised as a Muslim religious teacher, Bose managed to reach Peshawar two days later. Bose went to Italy, Germany and even Russia to seek help but without much use. Subash decided to organize Indians on his own.He landed in Singapore and grouped Indians there into the Indian National Army or the Azad Hind Fauj and declared himself the temporary leader of the free Indian government. Japan, Germany and I taly recognizied Subhashs government and the whole of India rejoiced. The INA marched to Andaman and Nicobar islands, liberating and renaming them as Shaheed and Swaraj islands. On March 18, 1944, it crossed the Burmese border and reached Manipur where free Indias banner was raised with the shouts of Jai Hind and Netaji Zindabad. But heavy rain prevented any further movement and the units had to fall back. Even then Netaji was determined.On August 17, 1945, he issued a Special Order to the INA which said that Delhi is still our goal. He then wanted to go to Russia to seek Soviet help to fight the British. But the unsaved plane in which he was flying, crashed in Taipei on August 18, 1945, resulting in his death. Some people believe that Subhash Chandra Bose didnt die, that he faked his own crash to work the British who wanted to arrest him. There were even reports of Bose living in Russia and other foreign countries, even some claims of having seen him as a sadhu, but no(prenomina l) were ever proved and today his death in the plane crash is the accepted version.

Physics in Sports Essay Example for Free

Physics in Sports EssayEverything from kicking a lump into a goal to running from one side to the former(a) side of the field is based on physics. Physics plays a key role in sports it loafer impact on a player either positively or even negatively. Gravity, friction, motion and projectile affects sport in every aspect. How physics affects Sports No matter how hard or high you kick a ball as a result of gravity it entrust be pulled back have to earth. Although the rate at which it descends may vary on its mass and surface atomic number 18a, it will still have to come down. If thrown at any different angle than 90iit will have a parabolic path (trajectory). Also air resistance and friction will reduce the rate at which the ball moves. The law of conservation of energy also plays a major role in sports. In football if you kick a ball you are transferring energizing energy from your foot to the ball. From the pendulum balls by the side you can see how energy transfer act upons . If you lift the ball at left then energy will be passed on to the neighbouring ball and as a result the ball at the end will move the same distance from which it was released on the other side.Similarly in this diagram the character kicks the ball transferring kinetic energy from his foot to the ball. The ball moves and rises and therefore the kinetic energy will be converted into gravitational potential energy. Speed is another factor that is based on physics. In any sports using the force applied, fourth dimension and the mass you can work out the final/initial velocity assuming that initial/final velocity is zero. Alternatively you can work out speed if you are attached the time taken and distance it travels.How technological development has made the data collected more valid and reliable than with traditional methods of studying mechanics. Technology has develop at a staggering rate over the recent years. This allowed us to flyer data much more accurately, as humans can a ffect errors in timing due to reaction time both at start and end. Also the development of light doorways allowed us to measure speed, time and acceleration. This can then be plotted on a graph and the graph can drawn/ edited in real time (as the measurements are taken the graph can be plotted and the line of best fit can be changed).Experiment for measuring Speed You can measure speed using a simple tennis ball. Set a straight horizontal track and makes sure it is straight. Measure the length of the track. You will bring a timer to time the experiment. Roll the tennis ball through the measured distance and time it. Then use V=S/T (Velocity=Displacement/Time) to find out Speed at which it was travelling. Alternatively the velocity can be measure by setting a light gate near the end of the track and connecting it to a Data gent, and this will display the data on the screen, so that it is easier for you to read.You have to set up the data logger so that it measures speed also you h ave to choose the diameter of the ball which will pass through the light gate.Sources Edexcel AS Physics Ann Fullick, Patrick Fullick, Miles Hudson, Sue Howarth Pearson (2008) knave 46 47 http//www. soccerballworld. com/Physics. htm Physics World magazine, June 1998 pg 25-27. http//physics-of-sport. net/basketball. html http//www. serioussoccer. net/Documents/PhysicsofSoccer. pdf.

Identification of Dermatophytes | Experiment

Identification of Derma acmehytes ExperimentAbstractDermatophytosis constitutes a group of superficial fungal contagions of keratinized structures like stratum corneum of the skin, digs and hair. Despite the availability of utile antifungal agents, dermatophytic infections continue to be one of the principal infections throughout the world, especially in tropical countries like India. Identification of causative dermatophytic species in clinical settings are not only of epidemiological concerns but also important for the interference of rather common dermatomycosis with great precision.To study the clinical variants, species of fungus kingdom create dermatophytic infections, epidemiological factors responsible for the disease in central Mysore, molecular characterization and antifungal expertness tests by MIC.The prospective observational analyses of clinically suspected 600 dermatophytic give cases were studied at the Dermatology department of K.R. Hospital and C.S.I. H gag asworth Memorial Hospital, Mysore, India. The study was conducted from November 2010 to October 2012. All the cases were evaluated and patients data were recorded as per pre-designed proforma. Skin scraping, hair and nail samples were amass, processed, molecular characterization and antifungal susceptibility test were done according to standard mycological protocol. Patients on topical and systemic antifungal treatment were excluded from the present study.clinically suspected 600 patients samples were collected, among them 389 (64.8%) were skin scraping, 113 (18.8%) were hair plucking and 98 (16.3%) were nail clipping. They were processed for isolation and identification of dermatophytes from different clinical types. The specific and non specific variables effecting dermatophytosis were also analyzed.Samples were collected throughout the year, of which samples collected from July to October showed highest incidence of dermatophyte infection among patients. The number of specimen c ollected under the age group 21-30 years were 333 (55.5%), which was statistically significant (PMicrosporum genus Canis and 12 were infected by Trichophyton verrucosum.Among 600 clinically suspected dermatophytes infected patients, 433 (72.2%) samples were collected from K.R. Hospital and 167 (27.8%) samples were collected from C.S.I. Holdsworth Memorial Hospital, Mysore. The various factors which were found to increase chances of acquiring dermatophytosis were by sharing bed, 343 (57.2%) not bathing daily, 362 (60.3%) and domestic animals in their house, 102 (17.0%). Partial treatment and over the counter medication was also considered as major factors influencing dermatophytic infection among patients. Less number of patients 86 (14.3%) showed family history of dermatophytosis. Most of the patients visited to the Doctor in 5th-8th week after infection, 391 (53.2%). During that period of infection, they were either taking home made music or over the counter medicine.Most of the c ases found predominantly were roundworm corporis and tinea capitis. Tinea corporis 282 (47.0%) and tinea capitis 75 (12.5%) were seen among 26-30 year old patients and 6-10 year old patients respectively. Most of the isolates belonged to three genera and eight species, where T. mentagrophytes was predominantly isolated 105 (29.7%), T. rubrum 84 (23.8%) was isolated from tinea corporis cases, T. violacium 4 (12.2%), T. verrucosum 54 (15.3%), Epidermophyton floccosum 11 (3.1%), M. canis 13 (3.6%), T. tonsurans 38 (10.8%) and T. schoenleinii 5 (1.4%) were also isolated from different cases of tinea.Dermatophytes infected horticulture positive, 132 patient samples (skin scrapings, hair plucking and nail clipping), were obtained for molecular characterization in the study. Nearly 87 males and 45 females were referred by Department of Dermatology, K.R. Hospital and C.S.I. Holdsworth Memorial Hospital, Mysore during two years of study period. The collected samples were analyzed by two d irect microscopic examination and culture assays. Of the 132 culture positive cases, the organisms identified by phenotypic characterization were belonging to three genera and eight species viz., T. mentagrophytes 52 (39.4%), T. rubrum 30 (22.7%), T. violacium 18 (13.6%), T. verrucosum 11 (8.3%), E. floccosum 10 (7.6%), M. canis 6 (4.5%), T. tonsurans 3 (2.3%) and T. schoenleinii 2 (1.5%). The culture isolates of these organisms were further characterized by PCR. The present study showed positive result for phenotypically analyzed culture positive with 100% aesthesia and specificity by PCR.PCR targeting internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and Chitin synthase 1 was sensitive to detect 10 picograms and 1 femtogram of T. rubrum DNA respectively. From the same source (houses) 10 isolates from patients and 10 domestic animals were subjected to both PCR and RFLP. The product after agarosegel electrophoresis, breastwork enzyme burn upting patern was found to be infected by same T. verruc osum with 100% sensitivity and specificity. This indicates that T. verrucosum infection is from animal source.The dermatophyte specific terra firma based PCR-RFLP which targets the internal transcribed spacer and chitin synthase 1 region are useful in the direct identification of dermatophytosis from clinical specimens. The application of the Hae III, Hinf I and Mva I restriction enzymes by using the ITS amplicons and chitin synthase 1 region are constant, stable and reproducible show variation within the species, so these sequences have been widely use to pause rapid procedures for the identification of fungal species by PCR-RFLP analysis. The PCR-RFLP method, on using the dermatophyte specific primer with restriction enzymes Mva I, Hae III and Hinf I, showed species differentiation among the T. rubrum and T. mentagrophytes isolates. Since direct microscopy and culture have limitations, execute a direct PCR on the clinical specimens can augment the diagnosis of more dermatophy tic cases.PCR confirmed 132 dermatophytic samples were taken for antifungal sensitivity test. In the current study, among 132 isolates of dermatophytes or so are sensitive and some are moving towards resistance, but high MIC value indicated that it has slowly acquired adaptation towards the medicine. This indicates in near future it will contrive drug resistance against the antifungal agents. Twenty three isolates (14.4%) were showing high MIC value for fluconazole of which T. mentagrophytes (8), T. rubrum (5) and T. verrucosum (10) and M. canis (3) had MIC50 of 16 g ml-1. Second most frequently utilise drug next to fluconazole is ketoconazole, which had MIC50 of 0.125 g ml-1 for most of the isolates. Griseofulvin, itraconazole and terbinafine showed similar results of 0.03-0.06 g ml-1.The present study showed drug concentration inhibition of some fungi against 50% of isolates and 90% of isolates and their geometric mean of five drugs against 132 isolates. MIC50 and MIC90 were n ot determined because of small number of samples i.e., C. parapsilosis ATCC-22019 were within the value standardized by CLSI guidelines.The study high uncloudeded tinea corporis as the most common clinical pattern of dermatophytosis followed by tinea capitis in Mysore. The predominant causative fungal species isolated were T. mentagrophytes, T. rubrum, T. violacium, T. verrucosum, E. floccosum, M. canis, T. tonsurans and T. schoenleinii confirmed by PCR with 100% sensitivity and specificity. Trichophyton verrucosum was isolated and confirmed by PCR and RFLP from world and their domestic animals (from animals to human). PCR-RFLP provides the best technique for dermatophytic identification at species level. MIC was done to see susceptibility and resistance pattern for clinician as well as for lab workers where terbinafine was 100% sensitive drug against dermatophytes. Clinical evaluation and fungal species identification are mandatory for proper management of dermatophytosis rather t han empirical treatment.Need for the studyIn the medical science dermatophytes are constant parasites of human beings, and has survived some(prenominal) generations of therapeutic regimens, ranging from single dose antifungal to several dose drugs like griseofulvin, tolnaftate and early imidazole. There are some dermatophytes which were abundant once upon a period but now it is rare, it may be due to geographical restrictions, indicate that economy, geography, type of the species and environmental factors also interferes with the dermatophytic survival and distribution. It is equally important to review anthropophilic dermatophyte as well as zoophilic dermatophytes, which may increase chances of infection in the near future, as immunocompromised diseases are increasing day by day.The dermatophytes are oldest parasites of human and animals. Good and specified knowledge about these agents are still far from human understanding. The medical mycologists have done considerable work, bu t the studies were mainly utilize to the reactions of the host rather than the study of the parasites. The rates of publication on dermatophytes are limited as compared to the extensive work being done in the study of bacteriology and virology. As we know, these dermatophytic infections are not usually life threatening, but offer an interesting approach to the variety of fundamental problems in human, animals and fungal biology.The obvious reasons manifestly disregard to the study of Medial MycologyMost of the fungal diseases are not fatal and hence do not attract much attention of the investigators.The phylogeny of the infection is very slow and persists for years without any serious damage to the host.Carrier among human and animals is very common and survives for decades without harming the host.Methods of isolation and identification are relatively very complicated and require long time to obtain positive results.Most of them are sensitive to the limited antifungal drugs ex cept few and drug resistance is very slow and limited.Sources of infection are mostly human, animals and soil.Factors that attract to do research on dermatophytesIncreasing incidence of immunocompromised diseases in and somewhat the world.Changing patterns of dermatophytic infections with change in environment.Development of resistant species among the dermatophytes.Carrier harbours morbific species for many years to produce disease under favourable condition.Formulate treatment of choice according to the new changing pattern of drug resistant dermatophytes.Fungal infections of skin, hair and nail are common in hot and wet climate. Humans acquire various dermatophytic infections due to poor health hygienic conditions. The present investigation was aimed to study molecular level identification of tinea by PCR and its antifungal susceptibility test.Objectives of the studyTo study the incidence of dermatophytic infections and their clinical variantsTo identify the sources of infecti on by PCR for dermatophytesTo determine the in vitro antifungal susceptibility test lantern sliding board cultureFor visualization of the normal colonial characteristics, arrangement and morphology of spores and mycelial appendages, slide culture was done. SDA media without antibiotics or cornmeal agar with 1% glucose was utilise. Lactophenol cotton blue was used as the mounting fluid for easy visualization of hyphae and spores (WHO, 1986).AdvantagesIt is arapid method of preparing fungal colonies for examination and identification.Permits fungi to be studied virtually in situ with as elfin disturbance as possible fungi were identified mostly by close examination of its morphology and the characteristics it possess.We were growing the fungi directly on the slide on a thin film of agar. By doing this, there was no need to remove a portion of the fungus from a culture plate and transit it to the slide. So there wasless chances for the features that were key to identification, no tably the spore-bearing structures, without any damage.A modified method adapted from Roberts et al. (2003) and described here fulfills those requirements. Sterile 1.5% water agar (7 to 8 ml) was poured into sterile 60-mm plastic petri plates and allowed to solidify. A sterile 22-mm2 cover glass was centered on the agar. The desired nutrient agar moderate (10 ml) was poured into a second 60-mm petri dish, allowed to solidify, and cut with a sterile stainless steel spatula into blocks approximately 5 to 8 mm2. One block was aseptically removed and placed on the cover glass. Inoculation of the agar block on one or more sides with fungal hyphae or conidia was followed by placement of a second sterile cover glass on top of it. After the petridish lid was replaced, the completed modified slide culture was incubated at the desired temperature until adequate growth and conidiogenesis had occurred. Each cover glass was used to prepare a semi permanent mount on a standard microscope slide 3 by 1 inch (7.62 by 2.54 cm). The top cover glass was lifted off with forceps and wetted on the specimen side with a drop of ethanol (70 to 90%). One drop of fungus mounting medium (e.g., lactophenol cotton blue) was applied to the specimen, and the cover glass was lowered gently onto the slide, specimen side down. The bottom cover glass was lifted from the water agar and as well mounted on a second slide. The nutrient agar block adhered to one of the cover glasses during the cover glass mounting procedure and was carefully lifted off with a sterile dissecting needle before the application of alcohol and mounting medium. Heat fixation of the cover glasses before mounting as described by McGinnis may improve the stability of the conidium-bearing structures (James, 2011).Lactophenol Cotton Blue (LPCB)The Lactophenol Cotton Blue wet mount preparation was the most widely used method of staining and observing fungi and was simple to prepare. The preparation has three components phenol, which will kill any live organisms lactic acid which keep fungal structures, and cotton blue which stains the chitin in the fungal cell walls. It was used constantly as a mounting fluid when examining culture of fungi microscopically (Leck, 2012).MaterialsLactic acid .. 20 mlPhenol (crystals.. 20 gmGlycerine.. 40 mlWater (distilled) 20 mlMixed the supra gently and added 50 mg the dye,cotton blue.ProcedurePlaced a drop of 70% alcohol on a microscope slide.Immersed the specimen / material in the drop of alcohol.Added one or at most two drops of the lactophenol cotton blue mount and stained before the alcohol dries out.Holding the cover curve between forefinger and thumb, touched one edge of the drop of mount with the cover slip edge, and lowered gently, avoiding air bubbles. The preparation was ready for examination.Hair discernment testMany isolates of T. rubrum and T. mentagrophytes are difficult to distinguish between on the basis of colony morphology and microscopic appearance . This in vitro test is the best method to distinguish between these two dermatophytesProcedureObtained a small amount of juvenile human hair and washed off fats and oils (kept hair in flaskful or beaker with 50 to 100 ml of ether, acetone or alcohol, shacked for 2 to 5 minutes and pour off the liquid).With scissors, a scalpel or a shave blade cut the hair into segments approximately 1 cm long.Put the hair in a glass petri plates, place on the lid and autoclaved for 10 to 15 minutes. This maintained sterility in the petri plates and can be used for 10 years.Calcofluor White malignment (CFW)It is a fluorescent stain for rapid spying of yeasts, fungi and parasitic organisms. Calcofluor White stain is a non-specific fluorochrome that binds to cellucose and chitin in cell walls (Chattaway and Barlow, 1954 Green et al., 1983 Hageage and Harrington, 2005).CompositionCalcofluor White M2R 1g/l and Evans blue 0.5g/l.DirectionsPut the sample to be examined onto a clean glass slide.Add one drop of Calcofluor White Stain and one drop of 10% Potassium HydroxidePlace a cover slip over the specimen and let stand for 1 minute.Examine the slide under UV light at 100X to 400X magnification.Calcofluor White Stain was a non-specific fluorochrome that binds with cellulose and chitin contained in the cell walls of fungi and other organisms. The staining procedure with Calcofluor White Stain is a rapid method for the detection of many yeasts and pathogenic fungi like Microsporidium, Acanthamoeba, Pneumocystis, Naegleria, and Balamuthia species. Evans blue present in the stain act as a counter stain and diminishes background fluorescence of tissues and cells when using blue light temper (not UV). A range of 300 to 440 nm (Emmax 433nm 0.1 M phosphate pH 7.0 cellulose) can be taken for emission wave length and the excitation occurs around 355nm. Fungal or parasitic organisms appear fluorescent bright green to blue, while other material is reddish-orange fluorescent. Attentions to b e taken as cotton fibers will fluoresce strongly as well amoebic cysts are fluorescent. One drop of 10% potassium hydroxide solution can be added for better visualization of fungal elements.

Benefits of Healthy Eating on the Body

Benefits of Healthy Eating on the BodyTodays society is al elbow rooms on the go, with hectic work schedules and early(a) responsibilities that limit the amount of time exhausted paying attention to use uping habits. Americas society has become accustom to eating on the go, which has led to plenty relying on fast nourishment. Fast food all the same is not necessarily a healthy alternative to a healthy well- match home cooked meal. A healthy nourishment improves ones health because proper feed al low-spiriteds the remains to heal from illness and infirmity.Choosing to eat a healthy diet rather than a diet high in saturated fats exit reach out an amelioration in ones health. Various studies have proven a well balanced diet is to include a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, healthy fats and oils, and fixing exercise is better for the frame. Paying attention to the types of nutrients the body need to function in a healthy way will buzz off a residual in ones health. A healthy diet needs to consist of a variation of foods rich in vitamins, minerals, and a unshakable exercise regimen. Raw fruits and vegetables check off a high quantity of the essential nutrients that bodies need to be healthy.Without proper nourishment, our bodies ar more susceptible to illness and diseases. For example, type two diabetes and heart disease to name just a few of the health complications that are associated with poor diet choices. The possibilities of other health problems are possible when diets are high in bad fats and cholesterol. By caring for our bodies with a balanced diet in that location will be a lessened chance for developing various illnesses and diseases. The body is like a machine that requires proper fuel and maintenance to continue running at its best performance levels.A well balanced diet would include whole grains such as oatmeal, whole wheat bread, and brown rice. The body is able to use the good carbohydrates from this type of grain . Good carbohydrates supply our bodies with the nada that we need to be active and friend control blood sugar and insulin levels from rising and falling too quickly. Healthy fats and oils are also an important lead off of a healthy diet. Healthy fats and oils include olive, stoolola, sunflower, and corn oils are good to include in a balanced diet. A variety of fruits and vegetables eaten raw or cooked has several benefits. However, fruits and vegetables retain more nutrients when consumed in a raw state. There should be a significant source of protein, fiber, and minerals included in a balanced diet. Proteins, fibers and other valuable minerals exist in nuts and beans such as garbanzo or navy beans, walnuts, and pistachios. A well balanced diet will include fish for the omega-3 and chicken or turkey as a source of protein. When planning a healthy diet there needs to be a source of vitamin D, this can come from dairy products such as low fat milk or cheese or in the form of a sup plement. At last red meat and butter, this is what our bodies need the least. Red meat contains high amounts of saturated fats with little to no nutritional value. The other foods that should be consumed sparingly include white bread, rice, pasta, potatoes, and other sugary foods, these foods are high in the carbohydrates our bodies do not need (Harvard School of semi normal Health, 2005).A healthy diet nourishes the body so we can perform at optimal levels. When consuming the vitamins and minerals needed, there will be an increased energy level. The benefits of a healthy diet will include a lower risk of colon problems, heart disease, and diabetes. A properly nourished body can dissent germs and bacteria better than a body that is relying on an unhealthy diet regimen. This is difficult to do when going out to eat at the average restaurants on a regular basis. Although there are restaurants that serve healthy menus and are conscious of the event that some people choose to eat hea lthier low fat foods. The menu items offered at galore(postnominal) restaurants often include foods deep-fried or smothered with condiments that include unnecessary fats, and cholesterol. Even though many favourite fast food restaurants are improving, the menus to include low fat alternatives to the traditional menu items there are better choices. These fast food menu items can be prepared at home in a much healthier manner. Cooking at home allows more choices in low fat and leaner options. For example, home cooked meals tolerater more control over making choices like choosing skinless chicken over beef and fat free dressings for salads versus full calories dressings.The food society consumes plays a significant role in the bodys ability to prevent and recover from illness and disease. When someones body is healthy because of eating properly and getting regular exercise there is a decreased risk of illness. Although a person is less likely to become sick when healthy, diet exists . It is probable that everyone will friction match a cold or virus at some time in life. Fortunately, some foods can help treat the symptoms. Some research has shown that there is truth to chicken soup being good for treating the symptoms of a cold. Boiling chicken releases amino acids into the water turning the water to a broth that has many healthy elements that improve the symptoms of a cold. When this broth is inhaled, the steam will thin mucus and relieve inflammation making it easier to breathe (Rutecki, 2009). Garlic has shown to have an substance on cancer cells. Allyl sulfate along with other compounds in garlic have shown to damage cancer cells in a greater way than normal cells (National Cancer Institute, 2008). The effect that garlic has on cancer cells is being researched to learn more about how this information can be applied to help treat and prevent cancer. At the World Diabetes Congress conference, researchers reported a diet rich in pulses and nuts have an effect on glycemic levels in patients with type two diabetes. The effect was comparable to taking prescription medications (Johnson, 2009). Early studies show that there is a chance a low fat vegan diet can improve or even reverse the diabetes disease (Nicholson, 2008). Changing the diet to control diabetes would allow a person to rely less on medications. If diabetics could rely less on medications is would improve the quality of life for these people.The websites discussed in this section are easily accessible providing the public with information about how to eat healthy. Sites exist with examples of healthy foods, how to prepare these foods in a variety ways and ideas for daily exercise routines. One site that provides an abundance of information is the Harvard School of Public Health. The Harvard School of Public Health is available to the public to provide information about healthy eating. The site is full of information and suggestion to teach people about why and how to eat health y. The Healthy Eating Pyramid developed at the Harvard School of Public Healths Department of Nutrition determined that the foundation for a healthy diet is regular exercise and balanced nutrition. This pyramid is an easy to follow example of a healthy diet. The diagram is colorful and designed to be easy to use as a guide to develop healthy eating habits. The pyramid shows picture examples of the optimal food choices in each category. victimization this pyramid to structure a balanced diet is a resourceful tool in learning how to eat healthy (Harvard School of Public Health, 2007). The fall in States Government has taken action to help protect and educate the public by appointing an independent agency known as the Food Standard place to protect the public. This agency is to conduct research related to setting food standards for the American people. The Food Standard Agency decides what is safe for people to consume and how foods are stored and handled in a variety of settings. Th e other responsibility of the agency is to determine what is healthy to consume and in what amounts. This agency offers a wide array of resources to provide information relevant to a healthy diet. The website also provides information that describes in what manner the research is conducted and the results of the research. These two sites are educational sources of information meant to inform the public about the best way to make healthy diet choices.Anyway, one looks at it a healthy diet improves the bodys health because proper nourishment allows the body to heal from illness and disease. Some changes in eating habits like eating home cooked meals more often, choosing healthier menu items when eating out, and utilizing information that is available to make healthier diet choices are all examples of what can improve ones health. Any positive change in a persons diet will make an improvement in someones health.ReferencesJohnson, K. (2009, Nov. 15). Dietary nuts and pulses beneficial i n diabetes.(ENDOCRINOLOGY)(Report). Internal Medicine News, 42.20, p.36(1). Retrieved from the University of Phoenix depository library Gale PowerSearchNational Cancer Institute, (2008). Garlic and cancer prevention fact sheet. Pamphlet by National Cancer Institute. Retrieved from the University of Phoenix Library Gale PowerSearch database.Nicholson, A. (2005). Diabetes Can a Vegan Diet Reverse Diabetes? Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine. Retrieved From http//www.pcrm.org/health/clinres/diabetes.htmlThe Nutrition Source, (2007) Staying prompt Every Bodys Path to Better Health, Reaping the Benefits of Exercise. Harvard School of Public Health, para. 3. Retrieved from http//www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/staying-active/staying-active-full-story/index.htmlThe Nutrition Source, (2005) Food Pyramids What Should You Really Eat. Harvard School of Public Health. Retrieved from http//www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/what-should-you-eat/pyramid-full-story/index.htmlRute cki, G.(May 2009). Does mother always know best? What the evince shows bundle up, drink chicken soup, get plenty of sleepare these motherly maxims supported by clinical data?(Top Papers Of The Month Articles You Dont Want To Miss). Consultant, 49.5,p.e13.Retrieved from the University of Phoenix Library Gale PowerSearch database.

Persian Proverb Doubt Is The Key To Knowledge Philosophy Essay

Iranian Proverb Doubt Is The Key To Knowledge Philosophy EssayI have been quite mesmerised by the many changes that keep happening to what seems to be a certainty and realized that doubt has traditionally played a signifi stinkert part in the philosophy of knowledge. The old-fashioned Greek philosophers debated the issue of knowledge and the relevance of doubt. Plato described knowledge as justified true spirit1 the key word being belief which in itself is subject to interpretations by individuals. The famous French philosopher Renee Descartes tried to define knowledge in terms of certainty and in his arguments the path to certainty begins with doubt. In his book Meditation 1 What can be called Doubt, he says I realised that it was necessary, once in the course of my life, to demolish everything completely and start over again right from the foundations if I wanted to establish anything at all in the lights that was stable and likely to last.2So is there any truth in the Persi an saying Doubt is the Key to Knowledge? Is this purely an epistemological rhetoric or will it hold true in beas of knowledge as diverse as science and arts?Nobel laureate and lead-ining physicist, Richard Feynman described doubt in relation to science as follows Scientific knowledge is a body of educational activitys of varying degrees of certainty -some most unsure, some nearly sure, none inviolablely certain. A strong analog can be drawn between his statement and space research. What made man land on the moonlight or explore the possibility of life on Mars? As a knower, I know that if we would not have doubted the probability that man could live on the moon, space expeditions to the moon would have stopped after the near life and cobblers last drama of Apollo 13. The Apollo3 series of expeditions seemed to have established that the moon was completely uninhabitable because of its inability to sustain water. The desire to know and doubting what was already known, led to the Indian unmanned space expedition to the moon. The Indian space craft Chandrayaan discovered traces of ice on the moons surface. So, can man really live on the moon? Science generally relies on a set of deductive logic to prove their hypothesis. Euclids two dimensional geometry is a classic case of using modus ponens or deductive logic to prove assumptions or hypothesis. Going by this, one could easily argue as follows Man needs oxygen and water to live. piddle contains oxygen. Ice is formed from water. Ice has been found on the moon therefore, man can live on the moon.www.plato.stanford.edu/entries/knowledge-analysis/ modus ponens xenodochy.org/article/popper.htmlwww.rep.routeledge.com/article/DA026SECT4www.space.com/8193-ca utilise-apoll-13-accient.htmlPopper doubted this process of deductive truism and said it cannot prove a scheme true every time. In his theory of falsification he argued that modus ponens is purely truth preserving and therefore a cave in alternative is modus tollens which uses the conditions of denying to falsify the assumption e.g. if P implies Q and Q is false, hence P must also be false. Poppers falsification theory pointed out no scientific theory is ever conclusively verified, no matter how many tests it has survived4For example, Schizophrenia has all along been seen as a chronic relapsing psychotic disorder that primarily affects thought and behaviour.5 A recent study by the University College of London has established by means of an experiment that in some cases, the perceptions of schizophrenic people is much accurate than those without schizophrenia. Therefore a doubt is created whether schizophrenia is really a psychotic condition or are there other dimensions to it.Going by the argument that deductive knowledge doesnt always hold good, I can safely surmise that we do not have adequate information to fold that man can live on the moon and therefore to a greater extent questions need to be asked.On the other hand doubt ing every scientific fact leading to unnecessary research and information overload could lead to a situation of complete paralysis in our normal daylight to day life. For example, if we were to doubt that oxygen is a life giving substance, then it could lead to critical situations in medical emergencies.Similarly while dealing with society at large and friends and relatives in particular, if we were to doubt everything to seek more knowledge, we are most likely to find ourselves with very little knowledge and even fewer friends Peoples emotions, intentions and their behavioural traits like honesty, integrity, sincerity etc. should not be doubted. There will be rare cases where people may want to deceive, but that by itself cannot lead to a doubt about people in general._____________________science.martinse rise.com/falsification.htmlpriory.com/schizo.htm.Shakespeare said If music be the food of love, play on6.Wonderful as it sounds and probably not argued too much, til now people have researched the effect that music has on plants. There is one school of thought that believes and take ins to have empirical data to prove that plants respond well to sedentary classical and similar genre of music but they wilt under the influence of hard rock and similar music. Drawing a parallel with human life they argue that hard rock, metal etc is actually detrimental for human growth and therefore should be banned.Traditional botanists however argue that the so called empirical data based on research is purely coincidental and there is no correlation between music and growth of plants. They resort to other set of evidence which shows that growth of plants is related to a number of factors that are not related to music such as condition of soil, temp, moisture fill etc.On a third dimension, music itself has different genres enjoyed by different people. Therefore is music also subject to perception or is it absolute? Does it really impact plant detrimentally or otherwise? If we doubt the basis of the claims and counterclaims and pursue with investigation from all angles, then, knowledge will progress and facts can be established.Science notwithstanding, art is abstract enough to create its own set of debates which normally focuses on the likes and dislikes of the perceiver. This leads me to wonder, if art and aesthetics are synonymous then to what extent is beauty a necessary ingredient for something to be considered art? Platos theory of forms claimed that It is by beauty that beautiful things are beautiful. Immanuel Kant, an 18th century German philosopher on the other hand claimed that aesthetic experience is not a matter of understanding or reason, (and hence not true knowledge), but is a matter of judgment Critique of Judgment.7Taking this argument further, the painting by Eduord Manet8, Luncheon on the Grass, was hotly debated when it was first exhibited in 1863. Most of all it was not viewed as an art, but as an affront to society. The painti ng, depicting a naked woman sitting amidst two fully clad men, all of whose images were contemporary and almost classifiable as one among the viewers, earned the painter the wrath of the critiques and masses. Yet an earlier painting by Thomas Coutre in 18479, Romans in The Decadence of the Empire visualized a scene with Romans lying about with many naked women in various poses of sensuality. It appears to me, that a nude in classical settings such as the ancient Greek or Roman empires was considered buryable but a nude in contemporary setting was not. Either way, the painting, known for its controversy today hangs as a masterpiece in the Musee D Oray in Paris.6. www.enotes.com/shaespeare-quotes/music-food-love-play7 www.creatorix.com.au/philosophy/t03/g010.html8 http//blog.photos2view.com/2008/05/27/art-and-controversy.htm9 http//www.essentialart.com/acatalog/Edouard_Manet_prints_Luncheon_on_the_Grass.htmlAs a student of visual arts in IB, I was told that there are three basic co lours red, yellow and blue. While using the computer, trangely I found that the primary feather colours were red, immature and blue, otherwise called the RGB format. So, what are the basic colours?The answer lay in the different mediums where they are used. Red, yellow and blue are primary colours which are used in while mixing dyes to achieve other shades and colours on a painting canvas.Red, green and blue are used where there are overlapping shades to be used while projecting on screens such as in LCD panels or monitors for computer screen. My doubt about the basic colours led me to seek additional information.The key to knowledge in this area of art was learning how to mix primary dyes in painting and this learning has been both experimental and experiential.Taking the Platonist view that knowledge is justified true belief, I can now reasonably claim to have knowledge that red and yellow if mixed in equal proportions would give the colour orange or shades of orange.Whether t he area of knowledge is science or arts, doubts and questions remain. Some answered with a reasonable amount of justification which points to a probable definitive answer based on information available at that point in time and others remain unresolved leading to further doubts.Therefore the question is knowledge absolute or is it infinite? We can neer know unless we doubt all knowledge leading us to seek more and more information.The downside do we doubt everything in life or should we accept some events as empirical realities. The answer? It is situational.At the end, as a knower, when I look at the word doubt I can safely say that the Persian saying Doubt is the Key to Knowledge is not just an epistemological rhetoric it is indeed a means to gain more knowledge. In the words of H L Mencken an influential writer and critic of the 20th century, Men become civilized, not in proportion to their willingness to believe, but in proportion to their readiness to doubt.9_______________ ____________www.leopoldsegedin.com/essay_detail_mona_lisas_smile.cfmwww.notable-quotes.com/d/doubt_quotes.html

The Democratic Party is Out of Touch with America :: Essays Papers

The Democratic Party is Out of Touch with the States Major realignments pass on taken place in American governmental history. After the Great Depression, the Democratic Party gained significant amounts of political clout. Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR) won the Presidency right after the onset of the depression, and his party gained significant amount of sit in both houses of Congress. The primary reason for the Democratic emergence into the dominant political party of the time was FDRs New Deal, which created many jobs for individuals who were without. Many would solicit that the New Deal was the primary reason for the United States fighting out of the depression. At the time, the Democratic Party was the party in favor of small and moderate government, tho due to the crisis facing the nation, FDR lead the party towards a stronger national government with far reaching powers. However, the most recent realignment took place during the election of 2000. s tartle with the election of 2000, America realized that the Democratic Party was out of touch with the majority of America. Due in large part to Bill Clintons infidelities, America was in need for a strong leader, who was morally just. George W. shrub seemed like the man to accomplish the countries yearning for a moral, strong willed leader. Though Bush bewildered the popular election, he won the Electoral College (Limbaugh). Many Democrats at the time were saying that this flew in the face of democracy and sought to abolish the Electoral College. However, Ive been given the analogy that the Presidential Election is like the World Series. One team can win the first game by 20 runs, but lose the next four games by one run per game. Even though the team that lost the series it is still possible to score much runs than the winning in the games played. Bush sought to lower taxes on Americans, much like Reagan and Kennedy. When looking at a map of the counties won by Bush in 2000, on e begins to see an overwhelming majority of the country supported George Bush, not Al Gore. The counties won by Al Gore were more thick populated and were in greater need for government subsidies. The counties won by Bush wanted to keep more of their hard earned money, and not have to pay for someone else to get services that they themselves might not be able to afford.

Albert Einstein :: essays research papers

What is it that triggers a spark of genius? Is there some encouragement given at the right time that starts the process or helps it along, or does genius simply baring its expression despite all shadys?At age five, wiz was given a device that would stir his intellect. It was the first time he had seen a magnetic compass. He lay there shaking and twisting the odd contraption, certain he could fool it into pointing off in a new direction. But try as he might, the compass needle would always find its way back to pointing in the direction of magnetic north. Most kid at his age, including me, would have given up figuring how it worked. "A wonder," he must have thought. The invisible force that guided the compass needle was evidence to Albert that there was more to our world that meets the eye. There was "something behind things, something deeply hidden."Einsteins genius, accompanied by his logic and imagination, succeeded in continuing the work of Newton. Within the f rame of the relativity theory, demanding a formulation of the laws of nature independent of the observer and emphasizing the singular place of the speed of light, gravitational effects lost their isolated position and appeared as an integral part of a general kinematics description, capable of verification by lissom astronomical observations. Moreover, Einsteins recognition of the equivalence of mass and energy should prove an invaluable guide in the exploration of atomic phenomena.Indeed, the breadth of Einsteins views and the openness of his mind institute most remarkable expression in the fact that, in the very same years when he gave a widened outlook to classical physics, he soundly grasped the fact that Plancks discovery of the universal quantum of action revealed an inherent limitation in such an approach. With unfailing intuition Einstein was led to the introduction of the idea of the photon as the carrier of momentum and energy in individual radiative processes. He ther eby provided the starting point for the establishment of consistent quantum theoretical methods, which have made it likely to account for an immense amount of experimental evidence concerning the properties of matter, and even demanded reconsideration of our most elementary concepts.The same spirit that characterized Einsteins unique scientific achievements also label his attitude in all human relations. Notwithstanding the increasing reverence which people everywhere felt for his attainments and character, he behaved with unchanging natural modesty and verbalized himself with a subtle and charming humour.